新型空穴传输材料的合成及在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用

SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL HOLE TRANSPORT MATERIALS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS

段世淳

11849266

硕士

化学工程领域工程

徐保民

2020-05-30

2020-07-20

哈尔滨工业大学

深圳

有机-无机卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池在最近十年迎来了光伏效率的飞速发展，吸引了大量研究人员不断探究，使其光电转化效率从 2009 年最初的 3.9%提高到现在的 25.2%，从而超越了多晶硅太阳能电池。相比其他太阳能电池，钙钛矿太阳能电池具备制备工艺简单、制备成本较低、热稳定性较好、光吸收率高、载流子扩散距离长等优点，然而距离其商业化还存在一系列需要改善的缺点，如原材料存在毒性、材料的稳定性较差、以及器件整体寿命不长等。当前钙钛矿太阳能电池器件主要是由正负电极、空穴传输层、钙钛矿层、电子传输层组成，而其中空穴传输层在钙钛矿太阳能电池中发挥了重要作用。本文主要研究空穴传输材料，以及新型空穴传输材料的设计、合成和在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用。从钙钛矿电池工作原理出发，详细介绍了钙钛矿太阳能电池的工作过程，并对钙钛矿太阳能电池中空穴传输材料进行探究。基于钙钛矿太阳能电池的工作原理，我们得出空穴传输材料所需的各项要求，然后在现有的空穴传输材料的基础之上，设计新型空穴传输材料的分子结构、合成路线，制备该新型材料，并应用于器件中制备成完整器件，与其他材料对比探究。本文研究内容为聚合物空穴传输材料，在课题组之前设计的无掺杂聚合物空穴传输材料 DTB 的基础之上额外添加噻吩单元获得了聚合物 TTB，以利用噻吩作为给电子基团提升材料的 HOMO 能级，提高材料整体性能与器件性能；同时引入噻吩后可以增加 HTM 与钙钛矿层之间的作用力，提升空穴提取能力。此外，该新型空穴传输材料所获得的空穴迁移率显著优于 DTB 与 P3HT 材料，并在钙钛矿太阳能电池中可以获得 18.2%的光电转换效率，超过了 DTB 和 P3HT 材料的效率。 TTB 的器件性能较好，且制备工艺简单，所需成本也较低，有望取代其他空穴传输材料。

Organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have witnessed rapid development of photovoltaic efficiency in the past decade, attracting a large number of researchers to constantly explore its photoelectric conversion efficiency from the initial 3.9% in 2009 to the current 25.2%, surpassing that of multicrystalline silicon solar cells. Compared with other solar cells, PSCs have a simple fabrication procedure, a low preparation cost, a good thermal stability, a high light absorption coefficient, a long charge diffusion distance and so on. However, for the commercialization of PSCs, there are still a series of shortcomings that need to be addressed, such as the toxicity of raw materials, the poor stability of materials, and the short life of the whole devices. At present, the PSC is mainly composed of cathode and anode electrodes, hole transport layer, perovskite layer and electron transport layer. Among them, the hole transport play important roles in the PSC.In this thesis, hole transport materials (HTMs), as well as the design, synthesis and application of new HTMs in PSCs are studied. Starting from the working principle of PSCs, this paper introduces the working processes of PSCs in detail, then explores the HTMs in PSCs. On the basis of the working principle of PSCs, we have obtained the requirements required for the hole transport material, designs the molecular structure and synthetic route of new HTMs, conducts their syntheses, and applies them in the device with a comparison with other HTMs.The research content of this paper is polymer HTMs, we additionally add a thiophene unit into the main chain of the polymer DTB that was previously designed by our group to construct a new polymer TTB, and use thiophene as electron donor group to improve the overall performance of the material and device performance. At the same time, the introduction of thiophene can increase the interaction between HTM and perovskite, and thus improve the hole extraction ability. Moreover, this new hole-transporting material achieves a higher hole mobility, ultimately leading to a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 18.2% for its perovskite solar cell, exceeding the efficiency of DTB and P3HT based devices.With this high efficiency as well as a simple fabrication process and low cost, TTB is expected to be able to replace other hole transport materials.

钙钛矿太阳能电池 空穴传输材料 聚合物 噻吩 无掺杂

perovskite solar cell hole transport material polymer thiophene dopant-free

中文

联合培养

南方科技大学

段世淳. 新型空穴传输材料的合成及在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用[D]. 深圳. 哈尔滨工业大学,2020.