基于大沙河环境和生态需求下的长岭陂水库补水研究

RESEARCH ON WATER REPLENISHMENT OF CHANGLINGPI RESERVOIR BASED ON DASHA RIVER ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGICAL DEMAND

刘俊杰

11849205

硕士

环境工程领域工程

易树平

2020-05-29

2020-07-20

哈尔滨工业大学

深圳

近年来随着国务院“水十条”的颁布，人们对城市河流水环境愈发重视。城 市河流是一个城市生态系统的重要组成部分，但是由于城市化进程的发展，城市 河流生态系统收到严重破坏，水体不断受到污染，城市水资源短缺，甚至出现黑 臭现象。因此，管理好水资源分配、维持城市可持续发展、协同好人与自然的关 系意义重大。大沙河作为雨源性河流，由于缺少外来水源的补给，其水环境容量 主要受降雨影响，而深圳市降雨季节性差异极大，降雨主要集中分布在汛期 4-9 月，因此大沙河的流量季节性变化明显。在枯水期河道水量不足以满足生态需求 时，往往会出现河道断流、污染物长期滞留甚至出现黑臭问题。由此可见，对雨 源型河流进行生态补水是治理城市河流问题的关键所在。早先英国已经提出的“最 小可接受流量”的概念，奠定了生态补水的基础。在之后河流生态治理的发展过 程中，也衍生出了许多国内外的优秀案例，例如韩国清溪川修复工程、合肥市引 巢湖水、苏州的外成河引水工程等。总的来说，生态补水是一种创新型城市水环 境治理的方式方法。大沙河作为深圳市的一条重要景观河流，其上游流经大学城 等高新科技区域，下游打造的“大沙河生态长廊公园”更是影响着人们的日常生活。因此，对大沙河流域进行生态补水具有重大意义。 目前国内外对于生态补水研究主要集中于生态补水对于河流的改善作用，并 没有建立起补水量与河流水质河水生态的量化关系，导致生态补水效率较低，水 资源利用效率较低。本文通过对大沙河各个监测断面的水质数据进行收集和采样 分析。在大沙河水环境、水生态现状评价的基础之上，结合长岭陂水库 2018-2019 年枯水期实际补水情况，根据大沙河流域实际条件，从上游到下游选择 DSH1-DSH7 等七个监测断面，实施补水情况下的水环境-水生态指标的长期监测研 究。采用综合污染指数法对大沙河空间上水环境特征进行评价，计算各指标相对 于各监测断面的污染分担率，得出大沙河流域的地表水主要污染指标为 BOD、 COD、高锰酸盐指数、总磷、氨氮，这些指标相对于各监测断面的平均污染分担 率为 88%。 利用 SPSS 分析了大沙河流域内水环境、水生态指标因子之间的相互关系。基 于补水期对大沙河水环境、水生态长期监测数据，将大沙河流量、流速与大沙河 水环境-水生态因子之间的变化关系进行了数学模型研究，获得了一系列一元及多 元线性回归模型。各模型能很好的模拟计算生态补水对各水环境、水生态指标的 量化影响，模型结果表明各环境因子均随着流量、流速的增大而减小，说明补水 是改善大沙河水质-水生态环境质量的有力举措。结合大沙河生态基流量计算结果，研究了大沙河各断面不同水环境需求下的 枯水期补水量。从保证大沙河最小生态基流出发，计算出大沙河的枯水期各月基 本生态需水量分别为 10 月 157.98 万 m3/月、11 月 91.1 万 m3/月、12 月 71.18 万 m3/月、1 月 88.78 万 m3/月、2 月 45.65 万 m3/月、3 月 152.85 万 m3/月。以上数据 可为大沙河后期生态补水提供依据，并最终总结形成城市河流生态补水模拟及优 化技术方案。

In recent years, with the promulgation of the State Council's "Ten Waters", people pay more and more attention to the urban river water environment. Urban rivers are an important part of an urban ecosystem, but due to the development of urbanization, urban river ecosystems have been severely damaged, water have been continuously polluted, urban water resources are scarce, even the phenomenon of black and odor of water body appears. Therefore, it is of great significance to manage the distribution of water resources, maintain sustainable urban development, and coordinate the relationship between people and nature. Dasha River is a rain-derived river. Due to the lack of external water supply, its water environment capacity is mainly affected by rainfall. However, the seasonal variation of rainfall in Shenzhen is extremely large, and the rainfall is mainly distributed in the flood season from April to September. Therefore, the seasonal change of the flow of Dasha River is obvious. During the dry season of the river, when the amount of water in the river is insufficient to meet the ecological needs, there will often be river outages, long-term retention of pollutants and even black and odor problems. It can be seen that the ecological replenishment of rain-sourced rivers is the key to the management of urban rivers. The concept of "minimum acceptable flow" that has been proposed by the United Kingdom earlier has laid the foundation for ecological water replenishment. In the subsequent development of river ecological governance, many excellent cases at home and abroad have also been derived, such as the restoration of the Cheonggyecheon River in South Korea, the water of Yinchao Lake in Hefei, and the water diversion project of Waicheng River in Suzhou. In general, ecological water replenishment is an innovative approach to urban water environment management. As an important landscape river in Shenzhen, Dasha River flows through high-tech areas such as the University City on the upstream, and the "Dasha River Ecological Corridor Park" created on the downstream affects people's daily lives. Therefore, it is of great significance to make ecological water supply to the Dasha River Basin.At present, domestic and international research on ecological water replenishment mainly focuses on the improvement of ecological water replenishment on rivers, and the quantitative relationship between water replenishment volume and river water quality has not been established, resulting in low ecological water replenishment efficiency and low water resource utilization efficiency. This paper collects and samples the water quality data of each monitoring section of Dasha River. Based on the assessment of the Dasha River water environment and water ecology status, combined with the actual water replenishment of the Changlingbei Reservoir during the dry season of 2018-2019, seven monitoring sections including DSH1-DSH7 were selected from upstream to downstream according to the actual conditions of the Dasha River Basin. Implement long-term monitoring research on water environment-aquatic ecological indicators under water supplementation. The comprehensive pollution index method is used to evaluate the spatial water environment characteristics of the Dasha River, and the pollution sharing rate of each indicator relative to each monitoring section is calculated, and the main pollution indicators of the surface water in the Dasha River Basin are BOD, COD, and permanganate index. , total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, these indicators relative to the average pollution sharing rate of each monitoring section is 88%.Using SPSS, the relationship between water environment and water ecological index factors in the Dasha River Basin was analyzed. Based on the long-term monitoring data of the water environment and aquatic ecology of the Dasha River during the water replenishment period, the mathematical model of the relationship between the flow and velocity of the Dasha River and the water environment-aquatic ecological factors of the Dasha River was studied, and a series of unary and multiple linear regression model were obtained. Each model can well calculate the quantitative impact of ecological water supplementation on various water environments and aquatic ecological parameters.The model results show that all environmental factors decrease with the increase of flow rate and flow rate. It shows that water replenishment is a powerful measure to improve the water quality of Dasha River-water ecological environment. Combined with the calculation results of the ecological base flow of the Dasha River, the amount of water replenishment in different periods of the Dasha River under different water environment requirements was studied. Starting from ensuring the minimum ecological base flow of the Dasha River, the basic ecological water requirements of the Dasha River during the dry season are calculated as 1579800,911000,711800,887800,456500,158500 m3 for each month. These data provide a basis for the ecological supplementation of the Dasha River in the later period, and finally sum up the formation of urban river ecological supplementation simulation and optimization technology plan.

大沙河 水环境 水生态 基本生态需水量 环境生态补水 补水模型

Dasha River water environment water ecology basic ecological water demand environmental ecological water replenishment water replenishment model

中文

联合培养

南方科技大学

刘俊杰. 基于大沙河环境和生态需求下的长岭陂水库补水研究[D]. 深圳. 哈尔滨工业大学,2020.