基于功能性近红外光谱技术研究音乐风格对解释水平的影响

STUDYING THE EFFECT OF MUSIC STYLE ON THE CONSTRUAL LEVEL USING FUNCTIONAL NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

郑铭剑

11849315

硕士

电子与通信工程

陈霏

2020-05-28

2020-05-28

哈尔滨工业大学

深圳

音乐是人类文化的产物，也是人们传递信息的途径和表达情感的媒介。对于不同的音乐，由于其音乐基本要素不同，形成了不同的旋律和节奏，在不同旋律与节奏的作用下，形成了不同的音乐风格，而不同风格的音乐也会对个体的认知过程和情绪感知有着不同的影响。解释水平理论是一种描述个体认知活动的方法，它有着广泛的应用并且被众多学者认可，解释水平的本质是个体对被认知事物表征的不同抽象程度。此外，在认知神经学层面，前额皮层的活动与个体的认知活动有所关联。因此本研究通过测量受试主观解释水平和客观前额叶皮层的激活强度来研究音乐风格对解释水平的影响。在实验中，选取了两种不同风格的歌曲，包括激烈的摇滚音乐和舒缓的古典音乐。在被试者接受音乐刺激的过程中，本文采用行为学方法对个体的主观解释水平进行评估，并使用近红外光谱技术对个体的前额皮层激活强度进行测量。结果发现，与激烈的音乐相比，舒缓的音乐能使得个体的解释水平提高。而在认知神经学层面，个体在激烈音乐中比在舒缓音乐中前额皮层的激活强度更高。研究结果显示不同风格的音乐对解释水平产生了不同的影响，也对个体前额皮层的激活强度产生了不同的影响，体现了音乐风格对人的认知过程所产生的影响。

Music is the product of human culture, and serves as a medium for people to express emotion and convey information. Due to its different elements, music is presented with different melodies and rhythms, and subsequently different music style. Different music styles have distinct effects on emotion and cognitive activities of people. The construal level denotes the different abstract levels of the representation of objects. The construal level as a useful indicator has been widely used to measure people’s cognitive activities. Meanwhile, the neurophysiological changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are associated with human cognitive activities. Hence, this study investigated the influence of music style on cognitive activities by measuring the construal level and PFC activation. In this study, two music styles (i.e., a piece of soothing music and a piece of uplifting music) were presented to each subject. A behavioral experiment was used to measure the construal level of the participants, while the PFC activation level was measured by a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The results showed that compared with uplifting music, soothing music improved the construal level of the participants. Furthermore, the prefrontal cortex activities were higher in uplifting music than those in soothing music. These findings suggeted that different styles of music have different effects on the construal level and the activation level in the PFC, indicating that the styles of music could impact people’s cognitive activation. The possible reason may be attributed to the fact that different styles of music evoke different emotions, which influence the cognitive activities of the individual. Human emotions may impact different motivation intensity in their cognitive activitites. According to the motivational dimensional model of emotion, the differences of construal level and prefrontal cortex activities may be caused by the difference of emotions’ motivation intensity. Different emotions with different motivition intensity would broaden or narrow cognitive processing, and then possibly influence the constural level of the individual.

解释水平 音乐风格 近红外光谱技术 前额皮层 情绪感知 认知活动

construal level music style functional near-infrared spectroscopy prefrontal cortex emotion cognitive activities

中文

联合培养

南方科技大学

郑铭剑. 基于功能性近红外光谱技术研究音乐风格对解释水平的影响[D]. 深圳. 哈尔滨工业大学,2020.