金纳米结构的调控合成及其在钙钛矿太阳能电池空穴传输层中的应用

TUNABLE SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOSTRUCTURE AND ITS APPLICATION IN HOLE TRANSPORTLAYER OF PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS

王钧颉

11849219

硕士

化学

许宗祥

2020-05-30

2020-05-30

哈尔滨工业大学

深圳

有机-无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池经十年发展，光电转化效率已逼近如今商业的晶硅太阳能电池，且其结构简单、价格低廉、可柔性制备，很有希望成功商业化并取代晶硅电池。聚噻吩（P3HT）空穴迁移率高，成本低，易合成，是最具商业化潜力的钙钛矿电池空穴传输材料之一，但其制备的电池器件效率不如成本更高、制备更为繁琐的部分空穴传输层材料，限制了钙钛矿太阳能电池的商业化。因此，提高以P3HT为空穴传输层的钙钛矿电池效率对推进其商业化有重要意义。本论文对提高P3HT为空穴传输层的钙钛矿电池效率展开了研究，制备了金纳米棒与金纳米颗粒，并将金纳米棒与P3HT复合制备空穴传输材料制备钙钛矿太阳能电池。结果表明，金纳米棒与P3HT制备的复合材料能够明显提升器件效率，在最优浓度下，光电效率为16.88%，比起P3HT为空穴传输层材料制备的标准器件（13.40%）效率提升26%。这种提升可归因于添加金纳米棒后，P3HT薄膜的结晶性增强，更有利空穴传输；其次金纳米棒的局域表面等离子体共振效应（LSPR）可以有效提升光的利用率。这种有效的策略为P3HT制备的钙钛矿太阳能电池后续的商业化提供了思路。本研究中使用的种子介导法合成金纳米棒时，原料中的微量杂质对合成结果有重要影响，且难以避免，现今的研究少见提及，限制了后续研究者对金纳米棒的研究。本论文详细探索了金纳米棒的合成条件，对文献中报导的合成条件做了充分的补充，研究了原料中杂质对合成结果的影响。在杂质存在的情况下，成功通过梯度离心的方式去除了产物中的杂质，为后续研究者提供了一种行之有效的金纳米棒合成策略。

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been approaching that of the commercialized silicon solar cells within just 10 years. And its simple structure, low price, flexible preparation methods rendering it a strong candidate to application in reality and alternative of silicon solar cells. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is one of the the most promising hole transport materials (HTMs) to motivate the commercialization of PSCs owing to its high hole mobilites, low cost and ease of synthesized. However, the PCE of P3HT-based PSCs is not as high as those complicated synthesized and high cost HTMs, which limits the further commercialization of PSCs. Therefore, increasing the PCE of the P3HT-based PSCs becomes a critical issue for the commercialization of PSCs。In this paper, the strategy to enhance the PCE of P3HT-based PSCs was developed. Gold nanostructures such as gold nanorods (AuNRs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized, and AuNRs were combined with P3HT to develop P3HT/AuNRs composites as HTMs to fabricate PSCs. The highest PCE of the optimized devices based on the composite HTM reached up to 16.88%, which was an increase of 26% from that of a pristine P3HT-based device (13.40%). The enhanced performance can be attributed to the increased crystallinity of P3HT induced by the addition of AuNRs in the polymer matrix and the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of AuNRs, which lead to higher carrier mobility and increased light utilization efficiency. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the effect of plasmonic Au nanorods in PSCs application and a useful method to further improve the performance of PSCs.The seed-mediated method to synthesize AuNRs was robustly influenced by the impurity in reagents and it’s inevitable. This phenomenon is barely mentioned in nowadays researches, which limits the further research of AuNRs. In this paper, the synthesized methods were explored and provide a detailed supplementary for synthesis. Apart from that, this paper provides an effective strategy to synthesize AuNRs with the existence of impurities by a gradient centrifugation.

金纳米结构 金纳米棒合成 纳米复合物材料 P3HT 空穴传输材料 钙钛矿太阳能电池

gold nanostructure synthesis of gold nanorods nanocomposite P3HT hole transport materials perovskite solar cells

中文

联合培养

南方科技大学

王钧颉. 金纳米结构的调控合成及其在钙钛矿太阳能电池空穴传输层中的应用[D]. 深圳. 哈尔滨工业大学,2020.