微型燃烧室增材设计制造与性能研究

STUDY ON ADDITIVE DESIGN MANUFACTURING AND PEFORMANCE OF MICRO COMBUSTOR

尹文壮

11849155

硕士

航天工程

韩品连

2020-05-28

2020-07-13

哈尔滨工业大学

深圳

微型燃气涡轮因其高功率密度 结构简单 维护成本低等特点被广泛应用 到航空航天 机车 舰船 化工及地面分布式发电等领域 燃烧室作为发动机 的核心部件,通常因空间尺寸有限 燃油雾化质量差等特点限制了其发展 而 增材制造技术打破传统制造工艺的限制,可实现燃烧室的个性化设计与快速化 成型制造,尤其是针对具有复杂内部结构的零部件显示出特有的优势 本文以 50 公斤推力级涡喷发动机(NK-50)回流燃烧室为研究对象,采用数值模拟和 全环形燃烧室综合性能试验的研究方法,旨在通过结构上的创新及改进设计提 高燃烧室的综合性能,主要有以下几方面的工作: 根据 NK-50 涡喷发动机总体气动设计参数,基于经验/半经验公式对燃烧室 基本轮廓尺寸和空气流量分配进行计算,利用三维建模软件 SolidWorks 完成燃 烧室结构的设计,考虑到金属增材制造支撑工艺的要求,将火焰筒分成两个部 分:排气弯管与涡轮导叶集成设计部分 蒸发管与火焰筒一体化设计部分,显 著减少了火焰筒零部件数量 装配难度和加工成本 在燃烧室整体结构初步设计阶段,考虑到增材制造工艺的 自由性 ,提出 V 形蒸发管头部进气方式的燃烧室设计和 L 形蒸发管中部进气方式的燃 烧室设计概念,并对两版燃烧室进行数值模拟,分别从燃烧室流场 温度场 燃烧室出口温度分布 燃烧效率等方面对两版燃烧室进行性能对比与分析,为 燃烧室结构改进设计提供参考依据 在中部进气 L 形蒸发管的基础上,提出扁口蒸发管出口的设计概念,并 对火焰筒头部圆顶半径尺寸及进气孔的布置方案改进设计 分析显示扁口蒸发 管有利于在火焰筒头部形成周向连续的回流区;增大头部圆顶半径可以有效的 增加回流区尺寸,有利于火焰的稳定;合理分配内外环空气流量和合理布置进 气孔的设计方案有利于形成均匀的油气分布,提高燃烧室性能

Micro gas turbine is widely used in aerospace, ground transportation, marine application and distributed power generation because of its high power density, simple structure and low maintenance cost. As the core component of micro gas turbine, combustor is usually limited by its limited space size and poor fuel atomization quality, while additive manufacturing technology breaks the limitations of traditional processing technology and can realize the individualized design and processing of combustor quickly, especially for the parts with complex internal structure, shows its unique advantages. In this paper, the 50kg thrust stage turbojet engine (NK-50) reverse flow combustor is taken as the research object, numerical simulation and comprehensive performance test of full annular combustor are used as the performance research methods, aiming to improve the comprehensive performance of the combustor through structural innovation and improved design. The main tasks are as follows: According to the overall aerodynamic design parameters of the NK-50 turbojet engine, the basic contour size and air flow distribution of the combustor are calculated based on the empirical / semi empirical formula, and the overall structure of the combustor is designed by using the 3D modeling software Solidworks, considering   the limitations of the metal additive manufacturing structural support technology, the flame tube is divided into two parts: the integrated design part of exhaust elbow and turbine guide vane as well as the evaporation tube and the flame tube, which greatly reduces the number of parts, the assembly difficulty and the processing costs of the flame tube. In the preliminary design stage of the overall structure of the combustor, considering the "freedom" of the additive manufacturing process, the concept of the combustor design of the air intake mode at the head of the "V" type evaporation tube and the air intake mode at the middle of the "L" type evaporation tube are proposed, and numerical simulation was carried out on the two version of the combustor, respectively from the combustor flow field, temperature field, the combustor exit temperature distribution, combustion efficiency of two version of combustor performance comparison and analysis, provide a reference basis for combustion chamber structure improved design. On the basis of the L-shaped evaporation pipe design of the air intake mode at the middle of the air intake, this paper puts suggests the outlet of the flat mouth evaporation pipe, and improves the design of the radius of the dome at the head of the flame tube and the arrangement of the air inlet. It is concluded that the flat mouth evaporation pipe is conducive to the formation of a circumferentially continuous return area at the head of the flame tube, and the increase of the dome radius at the head can effectively increase the size of the return area, which is conducive to the stability of the flame.The design scheme of distributing the air flow in the inner and outer rings and arranging the air inlet reasonably is beneficial to buildthe uniform distribution of oil and gas, to the zoned combustion and to improve the performance of the combustor.

微型燃气轮机 燃烧室设计 增材制造技术 数值模拟

micro gas turbine combustor design additive manufacturing technology numerical simulation

中文

联合培养

南方科技大学

尹文壮. 微型燃烧室增材设计制造与性能研究[D]. 深圳. 哈尔滨工业大学,2020.