Effects of synoptic patterns on the vertical structure of ozone in Hong Kong using lidar measurement

Long-term ozone lidar routine measurements are sparse in China. In this study, we used one year of continuous ozone lidar measurements to systematically investigate the effects of synoptic patterns on the vertical structure of ozone during high ozone episodes in Hong Kong. The height of the near-surface ozone layer was identified and compared with that of the mixing layer. The results showed that Hong Kong was greatly affected by ozone transport from the Pearl River Delta region when a tropical cyclone (“C” pattern) or a trough (“T” pattern) existed. When a high-pressure center was located to the north (“H” pattern) or when both a high-pressure system and a tropical cyclone existed (“CH” pattern), Hong Kong was affected by ozone transport from southeastern or southern China. Substantial amounts of ozone were transported within a layer near the ground with an average height of 0.83, 0.75, 0.94, and 0.85 km under the C, H, CH, and T synoptic patterns, respectively. Variation in the near-surface ozone layer height was consistent with that of the mixing layer height. Weak vertical mixing resulted in a shallow near-surface ozone layer under the C and H synoptic patterns. Due to the combined effect of near-surface transport and suppressed vertical mixing, the ozone concentrations were extremely high near the ground but rapidly declined with height under the C synoptic pattern. Our investigations of the vertical structure of ozone contribute to filling the knowledge gap between synoptic patterns and the evolution of high surface ozone episodes.