Extra Sodiation Sites in Hard Carbon for High Performance Sodium Ion Batteries

Gan, Qingmeng1,2; Qin, Ning1,3; Gu, Shuai1,3; Wang, Zhenyu1; Li, Zhiqiang1; Liao, Kemeng1; Zhang, Kaili3; Lu, Li2; Xu, Zhenghe1; Lu, Zhouguang1

2021-07-01

10.1002/smtd.202100580

Small Methods   影响因子和分区

2366-9608

Hard carbons are promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, the low practical capacity from limited sodiation sites impedes their applications. Herein, ultrahigh concentration of pyridine N (approximate to 7.9%) is introduced inside hard carbon, considering that pyridine N may provide extra sodium storage sites with stable C-N center dot and C-C center dot radicals during cycling. To expose more radical sites for sodium storage, a 3D structure with a multistage pore structure is constructed through NH3 release during the pyrolyzation process. As expected, the hard carbon with extra sodiation sites exhibits an impressively high capacity of 434 mA h g(-1) at 20 mA g(-1), superior rate performance of 238 mA h g(-1) at a current density of 5 A g(-1) and a high-capacity retention of 98.7% after 5000 cycles. The radicals induced Na-adsorption mechanism was further explored through ex situ electron paramagnetic resonance technology, in situ Raman technology and density functional theory calculations. The results reveal that the extra sodiation sites come from the electrostatic interaction at low potentials. This work constructs a sodium ions storage model of extra radicals and provides an extended strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of SIBs anode materials.

electrochemical reaction mechanisms hard carbons pyridine N radicals sodium ion batteries

SCI ; EI

英语

第一 ; 通讯

Basic Research Project of the Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen[JCYJ20200109141640095] ; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials[ZDSYS20200421111401738] ; Leading Talents of Guangdong Province Program[2016LJ06C536] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[21875097]

Chemistry ; Science & Technology - Other Topics ; Materials Science

Chemistry, Physical ; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology ; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

WOS:000678821300001

WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH

20213110713621

Ammonia ; Anodes ; Carbon ; Density functional theory ; Metal ions ; Paramagnetic resonance ; Pore structure ; Pyridine ; Storage (materials)

Metallurgy:531.1 ; Storage:694.4 ; Magnetism: Basic Concepts and Phenomena:701.2 ; Electron Tubes:714.1 ; Chemical Products Generally:804 ; Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity:931

Web of Science

1.Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Shenzhen Key Lab Interfacial Sci & Engn Mat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China
2.Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Mech Engn, Singapore 117575, Singapore
3.City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Mech Engn, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China

Gan, Qingmeng,Qin, Ning,Gu, Shuai,et al. Extra Sodiation Sites in Hard Carbon for High Performance Sodium Ion Batteries[J]. Small Methods,2021,5.

Gan, Qingmeng.,Qin, Ning.,Gu, Shuai.,Wang, Zhenyu.,Li, Zhiqiang.,...&Lu, Zhouguang.(2021).Extra Sodiation Sites in Hard Carbon for High Performance Sodium Ion Batteries.Small Methods,5.

Gan, Qingmeng,et al."Extra Sodiation Sites in Hard Carbon for High Performance Sodium Ion Batteries".Small Methods 5(2021).