Longitudinal analysis of antibody dynamics in COVID-19 convalescents reveals neutralizing responses up to 16 months after infection

Yang, Yang1; Yang, Minghui1; Peng, Yun1; Liang, Yanhua1; Wei, Jinli1; Xing, Li1; Guo, Liping1; Li, Xiaohe1; Li, Jie1; Wang, Jun1; Li, Mianhuan1; Xu, Zhixiang1; Zhang, Mingxia1; Wang, Fuxiang1; Shi, Yi2; Yuan, Jing1; Liu, Yingxia1

2022-02-01

10.1038/s41564-021-01051-2

Nature Microbiology   影响因子和分区

2058-5276

Elucidating the dynamics of the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescents is crucial in controlling the pandemic and informing vaccination strategies. Here we measured nAb titres across 411 sequential plasma samples collected during 1-480 d after illness onset or laboratory confirmation (d.a.o.) from 214 COVID-19 convalescents, covering the clinical spectrum of disease and without additional exposure history after recovery or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, using authentic SARS-CoV-2 microneutralization (MN) assays. Forty-eight samples were also tested for neutralizing activities against the circulating variants using pseudotyped neutralization assay. Results showed that anti-RBD IgG and MN titres peaked at similar to 120 d.a.o. and subsequently declined, with significantly reduced nAb responses found in 91.67% of COVID-19 convalescents (>= 50% decrease in current MN titres compared with the paired peak MN titres). Despite this decline, majority of the COVID-19 convalescents maintained detectable anti-RBD IgG and MN titres at 400-480 d.a.o., with undetectable neutralizing activity found in 14.41% (16/111) of the mild and 50% (5/10) of the asymptomatic infections at 330-480 d.a.o. Persistent antibody-dependent immunity could provide protection against circulating variants after one year, despite significantly decreased neutralizing activities against Beta, Delta and Mu variants. In conclusion, these data show that despite a marked decline in neutralizing activity over time, nAb responses persist for up to 480 d in most convalescents of symptomatic COVID-19, whereas a high rate of undetectable nAb responses was found in convalescents from asymptomatic infections.

SCI

英语

ESI高被引

第一 ; 通讯

National Natural Science Foundation of China[32170936] ; National Science and Technology Major Project["2021YFC0863300","2021YFC2301800"]

Microbiology

Microbiology

WOS:000752191700002

NATURE PORTFOLIO

Web of Science

1.Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Hosp Affiliated 2, Shenzhen Peoples Hosp 3,State Key Discipline Infe, Shenzhen Key Lab Pathogen & Immun,Natl Clin Res C, Shenzhen, Peoples R China
2.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Microbiol, CAS Key Lab Pathogen Microbiol & Immunol, Beijing, Peoples R China

Yang, Yang,Yang, Minghui,Peng, Yun,et al. Longitudinal analysis of antibody dynamics in COVID-19 convalescents reveals neutralizing responses up to 16 months after infection[J]. Nature Microbiology,2022.

Yang, Yang.,Yang, Minghui.,Peng, Yun.,Liang, Yanhua.,Wei, Jinli.,...&Liu, Yingxia.(2022).Longitudinal analysis of antibody dynamics in COVID-19 convalescents reveals neutralizing responses up to 16 months after infection.Nature Microbiology.

Yang, Yang,et al."Longitudinal analysis of antibody dynamics in COVID-19 convalescents reveals neutralizing responses up to 16 months after infection".Nature Microbiology (2022).