Leopard and spotted hyena densities in the Lake Mburo National Park, southwestern Uganda

Braczkowski, Aleksander1,2,3; Schenk, Ralph4; Samarasinghe, Dinal5; Biggs, Duan2,6,7; Richardson, Allie8; Swanson, Nicholas4; Swanson, Merlin4; Dheer, Arjun9; Fattebert, Julien10,11

2022-01-27

10.7717/peerj.12307

PeerJ   影响因子和分区

2167-8359

Robust measures of animal densities are necessary for effective wildlife management. Leopards (Panthera pardus) and spotted hyenas (Crocuta Crocuta) are higher order predators that are data deficient across much of their East African range and in Uganda, excepting for one peer-reviewed study on hyenas, there are presently no credible population estimates for these species. A lack of information on the population status and even baseline densities of these species has ramifications as leopards are drawcards for the photo-tourism industry, and along with hyenas are often responsible for livestock depredations from pastoralist communities. Leopards are also sometimes hunted for sport. Establishing baseline density estimates for these species is urgently needed not only for population monitoring purposes, but in the design of sustainable management offtakes, and in assessing certain conservation interventions like financial compensation for livestock depredation. Accordingly, we ran a single-season survey of these carnivores in the Lake Mburo National Park of south-western Uganda using 60 remote camera traps distributed in a paired format at 30 locations. We analysed hyena and leopard detections under a Bayesian spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) modelling framework to estimate their densities. This small national park (370 km(2)) is surrounded by Bahima pastoralist communities with high densities of cattle on the park edge (with regular park incursions). Leopard densities were estimated at 6.31 individuals/100 km(2) (posterior SD = 1.47, 95% CI [3.75-9.20]), and spotted hyena densities were 10.99 individuals/100 km 2 , but with wide confidence intervals (posterior SD = 3.35, 95% CI [5.63-17.37]). Leopard and spotted hyena abundance within the boundaries of the national park were 24.87 (posterior SD 7.78) and 39.07 individuals (posterior = SD 13.51) respectively. Leopard densities were on the middle end of SECR studies published in the peer-reviewed literature over the last 5 years while spotted hyena densities were some of the first reported in the literature using SECR, and similar to a study in Botswana which reported 11.80 spotted hyenas/100 km(2). Densities were not noticeably lower at the park edge, and in the southwest of our study site, despite repeated cattle incursions into these areas. We postulate that the relatively high densities of both species in the region could be owed to impala Aepyceros melampus densities ranging from 16.6-25.6 impala/km(2). Another, potential explanatory variable (albeit a speculative one) is the absence of interspecific competition from African lions (Panthera leo), which became functionally extinct (there is only one male lion present) in the park nearly two decades ago. This study provides the first robust population estimate of these species anywhere in Uganda and suggests leopards and spotted hyenas continue to persist in the highly modified landscape of Lake Mburo National Park.

Panthera pardus Crocuta crocuta Spatially explicit capture-recapture Population size East Africa Human-carnivore conflict

SCI ; EI

英语

第一 ; 通讯

Science & Technology - Other Topics

Multidisciplinary Sciences

WOS:000749551400005

PEERJ INC

20223212554285

Agriculture ; Animals ; Conservation ; Ecology ; Lakes ; Population statistics

Ecology and Ecosystems:454.3 ; Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control:821

Web of Science

1.Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Shenzhen, Peoples R China
2.Griffith Univ, Ctr Planetary Hlth & Food Secur, Resilient Conservat Grp, Nathan, Qld, Australia
3.Nelson Mandela Univ, Sch Nat Resource Management, George Campus, George, Western Cape, South Africa
4.Mihingo Lodge, Kampala, Uganda
5.Wildlife Res & Nat Conservat Fdn WRNCF, Colombo, Sri Lanka
6.No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth & Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA
7.Stellenbosch Univ, Sch Publ Leadership, Ctr Complex Syst Transit, Stellenbosch, South Africa
8.Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
9.Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, Dept Evolutionary Ecol, Berlin, Germany
10.Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Wyoming Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Laramie, WY 82071 USA
11.Univ KwaZulu Natal, Ctr Funct Biodivers, Sch Life Sci, Durban, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa

Braczkowski, Aleksander,Schenk, Ralph,Samarasinghe, Dinal,et al. Leopard and spotted hyena densities in the Lake Mburo National Park, southwestern Uganda[J]. PeerJ,2022,10.

Braczkowski, Aleksander.,Schenk, Ralph.,Samarasinghe, Dinal.,Biggs, Duan.,Richardson, Allie.,...&Fattebert, Julien.(2022).Leopard and spotted hyena densities in the Lake Mburo National Park, southwestern Uganda.PeerJ,10.

Braczkowski, Aleksander,et al."Leopard and spotted hyena densities in the Lake Mburo National Park, southwestern Uganda".PeerJ 10(2022).