The first detection of quaternary ammonium compounds in breast milk: Implications for early-life exposure

Zheng, Guomao1; Schreder, Erika2; Sathyanarayana, Sheela3; Salamova, Amina4

2022-04-01

10.1038/s41370-022-00439-4

Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology   影响因子和分区

1559-0631

1559-064X

["BACKGROUND: Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), commonly used in cleaning, disinfecting, and personal care products, have recently gained worldwide attention due to the massive use of disinfectants during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, despite extensive use of these chemicals, no studies have focused on the analysis of QACs in human milk, a major route of exposure for infants.","OBJECTIVE: Our objectives were to identify and measure QACs in breast milk and evaluate early-life exposure to this group of compounds for nursing infants.","METHODS: Eighteen QACs, including 6 benzylalkyldimethyl ammonium compounds (BACs, with alkyl chain lengths of C8-C18), 6 dialkyldimethyl ammonium compounds (DDACs, C8-C18), and 6 alkyltrimethyl ammonium compounds (ATMACs, C8-C18), were measured in breast milk samples collected from U.S. mothers. Daily lactational intake was estimated based on the determined concentrations for 0-12 month old nursing infants.","RESULTS: Thirteen of the 18 QACs were detected in breast milk and 7 of them were found in more than half of the samples. The total QAC concentrations (Sigma QAC) ranged from 0.33 to 7.4 ng/mL (median 1.5 ng/mL). The most abundant QAC was C14-BAC with a median concentration of 0.45 ng/mL. The highest median Sigma QAC estimated daily intake (EDI) was determined for <1-month old infants based on the average (using the median concentration) and high (using the 95 th percentile concentration) exposure scenarios (230 and 750 ng/kg body weight/day, respectively).","SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings provide the first evidence of the detection of several QACs in breast milk and identify breastfeeding as an exposure pathway to QACs for nursing infants."]

Early-life Exposure Emerging Contaminants Biomonitoring Child Exposure/Health

SCI

英语

第一

National Institute of Environmental Health Science[2R01ES019620-06A1]

Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health ; Toxicology

Environmental Sciences ; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health ; Toxicology

WOS:000784029900001

SPRINGERNATURE

Web of Science

1.Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China
2.Tox Free Future, Seattle, WA 98103 USA
3.Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle Childrens Res Inst, Seattle, WA 91807 USA
4.Emory Univ, Gangarosa Dept Environm Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA

Zheng, Guomao,Schreder, Erika,Sathyanarayana, Sheela,et al. The first detection of quaternary ammonium compounds in breast milk: Implications for early-life exposure[J]. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology,2022.

Zheng, Guomao,Schreder, Erika,Sathyanarayana, Sheela,&Salamova, Amina.(2022).The first detection of quaternary ammonium compounds in breast milk: Implications for early-life exposure.Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology.

Zheng, Guomao,et al."The first detection of quaternary ammonium compounds in breast milk: Implications for early-life exposure".Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2022).