光声亚细胞结构显微成像

细胞以及亚细胞结构的功能或形态异常是疾病在微观领域的表现形式，疾病诊断时也常常需要对组织切片进行显微观察以及对血液环境中细胞进行检测。众多细胞器的尺寸通常只有几十纳米甚至几纳米，亚细胞结构观察和生物学分析的研究需求催化了许多高分辨显微成像技术的发展。新兴的生物医学影像方法——光声成像技术，在多种生物结构的功能成像中被广泛应用，它的高对比度和穿透深度等优势使其在各类肿瘤疾病的诊断中极具发展潜力。光学分辨率光声显微成像系统是光声成像技术的分支，具有高空间分辨率的特点，可作为亚细胞结构成像的关键影像方法。

本文提出一种三维高分辨光声显微成像系统，其基于二维振镜水平面光栅式扫描和物镜位移台轴向扫描实现二维和三维的光声成像。该系统通过使用数值孔径高达1.3的油浸物镜实现光斑高度聚焦，极大地提高了系统轴向分辨率，克服了超声探头带宽对光声显微成像系统轴向分辨率的限制。系统在780nm波长下的横向分辨率和轴向分辨率分别达到了0.5μm和2.5μm，对亚细胞结构实现高分辨率光声显微成像。本文对黑色素瘤细胞中的黑色素小体实现了二维和三维成像，再通过特异性标记的方法实现对非洲绿猴肾上皮细胞的微管结构、线粒体结构和网格蛋白包被小窝结构的二维和三维高分辨光声显微成像。亚细胞结构特异性标记使用半导体聚合物材料作为光吸收基团，该材料在780nm波长下的光吸收特性提供光声成像对比度。

光声显微成像具有高分辨率和兼具组织内外成像对比度来源的特点。无标记和特异性标记的亚细胞结构三维高分辨光声显微成像结果证明本文系统在微纳尺度细胞器研究领域的广泛应用潜力，可以作为一项对亚细胞结构和细胞生理学研究的有效工具。

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