RESEARCH ON NARROWBAND AND HIGH RESPONSE SPEED ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRID PEROVSKITE PHOTODETECTORS

Photodetectors which convert light signal into electrical signal play an important role in scientific research, imaging, automated production, military defense and other fields. In recent years, perovskite material has opened up a new and energetic route for photodetectors due to their excellent optoelectronic properties such as direct band gap, large absorption coefficient and long exciton diffusion length. Narrowband photodetectors can be used in machine vision, multispectral detection and intelligent identification and have great potential for future industrial production. In addition, photodetectors with high response speed also have a wide range of applications in the fields of communication and sensing. Aiming at the demand of realizing narrowband and high response speed perovskite photodetectors, the specific work done in this thesis is as follows:

To achieve narrowband detection of the perovskite photodetectors, sub-wavelength gratings were introduced in this thesis to modulate the optical field and suppress the transmission and reflection of light of specific wavelengths, thereby realizing the narrowband absorption enhancement. The device was modelled using a finite-difference time-domain method. Through the design of sub-wavelength grating structures based on the guided-mode resonance, the optical distribution and reflectance/transmittance/absorption spectra of the photodetectors were simulated and studied. The mechanism of light regulation by subwavelength gratings was analyzed, and the influence of sub-wavelength grating-perovskite structures with different parameters on the absorption spectrum is explored. Compared with the device with a planar substrate, the absorption of the perovskite material at 780 nm increases by 132% (from 0.41 to 0.95) with a narrow full width at half maximum of 20 nm by using an optimized sub-wavelength grating with a depth of 290 nm, a period of 510 nm, and a fill factor of 0.39 as the substrate. This illustrates that sub-wavelength gratings show good application prospects in perovskite narrowband detection.

To achieve photodetectors with high response speed, the perovskite monocrystalline thin films with low trap density combined with the device architect of photodiodes were adopted to improve the response speed of the photodetectors. High-quality FAPbBr₃ perovskite monocrystalline thin films with low trap density of 1.01×10⁹ cm^-3, low resistivity of 5.0×10⁵ Ωcm^-1 and high carrier mobility of 185 cm²V^-1S^-1 were obtained by in situ fabrication of perovskite monocrystalline thin films on hole transport layers using a gradient heating nucleation and room temperature growth method. Based on the preparation technique of in situ growth of high-quality perovskite monocrystalline thin films on the hole transport layer and then by thermally-evaporating the electron transport layer and electrodes, the FAPbBr₃ perovskite photodiode was successfully fabricated. The device can operate at 0 V bias in the self-driven mode, exhibiting the detectivity, responsivity and external quantum efficiency of 1.26×10¹³ Jones, 0.33 A/W and 77%, respectively. The rise time and fall time of the device are 4.440 μs and 4.732 μs. The device can be applied as a receiver in a visible light communication system. The system worked successfully and realized the signal transmission of numbers and words.

光电探测器可以将光信号转换成电信号，一直以来在科学研究、成像、自动化生产、军事国防等领域发挥着重要的作用。近年来，得益于钙钛矿材料的直接带隙、吸收系数大、激子扩散长度长等优异的光电特性，为光电探测器的研究开辟了新的、充满活力的空间。窄带（较窄波长范围内的光吸收）光电探测器可以用在机器视觉、多光谱探测和智能识别等领域，在未来工业生产中有巨大的应用潜力；而快响应光电探测器在通信、传感等领域也有广泛的应用空间。面向窄带和快响应钙钛矿光电探测器的需求，本文的具体工作如下：

为了实现钙钛矿光电探测器的窄带探测，本文中引入了亚波长光栅，光场可以通过亚波长光栅进行调制，抑制特定波长光的透射和反射，从而实现窄带吸收增强。采用时域有限差分的方法建立了钙钛矿光电探测器件的光学模型，通过对基于导模共振原理的亚波长光栅衬底结构的设计，进行了光场分布和反射、透射、吸收光谱的建模仿真工作。分析清楚了亚波长光栅对光波长调控的机制，探索了不同尺寸亚波长光栅-钙钛矿薄膜结构对特定探测波长光吸收的影响。在780 nm波长处，对比平面衬底，采用优化后深度290 nm、周期510 nm、填充因子0.39的亚波长光栅作为衬底，MAPbI₃钙钛矿材料的吸收率增加了132%（从0.41到0.95），实现了半峰宽为20 nm的窄带吸收，表明亚波长光栅在钙钛矿窄带探测中有很好的应用前景。

为了实现快响应钙钛矿光电探测器，本文中通过采用低缺陷密度的钙钛矿单晶薄膜，并结合光电二极管的器件结构，以提高器件的响应速度。采用高温成核-室温生长的方法，在TFB空穴传输层上原位生长获得了高质量的FAPbBr₃钙钛矿单晶薄膜，其具有极低的缺陷态密度（1.01×10⁹ cm^-3）和极高的载流子迁移率（185 cm²V^-1S^-1）。基于在空穴传输层上原位生长高质量钙钛矿单晶薄膜的制备技术，再通过蒸镀电子传输层和电极，成功制备获得了FAPbBr₃钙钛矿光电二极管器件。该器件在0V偏压下自驱动工作，探测率、响应度和外量子效率分别为 1.26×10¹³ Jones、0.33 A/W 和 77%，响应上升和下降时间分别为4.440 μs和4.732 μs。将制备的钙钛矿单晶薄膜光电探测器作为可见光通信系统中的接收端，成功实现了数据传输。

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