用与相变散热的亲水膜的研究

近年来，随着能源危机的显现和环境意识的提高，电动汽车行业得到了快速的发展。我们面临的问题是，为了追求更高的续航里程和加速度，电动汽车对电池循环寿命和电池充放电倍率的要求越来越高，导致动力电池高功率和高倍率充放电时发热密度急剧增加，传统的风冷、液冷等散热方式逐渐显露不足。本文采用了一种新型的电动汽车散热方法,并利用表面为纳米多孔/纤维状结构的阳极氧化铝（AAO）膜的超亲水性和毛细效应实现相变散热的目的。由于表面亲水性受到氧化铝薄膜表面形貌的显著影响，本文通过改变阳极氧化铝制备过程中的阳极氧化电压、阳极氧化时间和磷酸清洗时间等参数来控制阳极氧化铝表面的孔径、孔间隙、表面深度等形貌特征。经过一系列的散热实验研究，当发热功率密度为15 kW/㎡时，我们成功地将模拟电池表面温度保持在25 ℃以下，相比风冷实现了84.2 %的降温(158降至25 ℃)，完全符合动力电池的安全工作温度。在本研究中，利用此种阳极氧化铝表面进行相变散热的方法，能够使动力电池在高充放电倍率工作时安全、稳定的运行。

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