聚醚基固态电解质设计及其在锂金属电池中的应用

    锂金属电池由于较高的能量密度受到广泛研究，但锂枝晶生长问题和安全问题限制了锂金属电池的产业化应用。全固态锂金属电池可以提升锂金属电池的安全性，并且能抑制锂枝晶的形成，从而显著的提升锂金属电池的循环性能，拓宽锂金属电池的应用范围。

    本文利用1，3-二氧五环和三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚的交联共聚，有效地降低聚合物电解质的结晶度，进而提高电解质的室温离子电导率。再将得到的交联聚合物和功能性聚合物膜复合，制备出12 μm的聚合物-聚合物复合电解质，其在室温下离子电导率高达3.0×10^-4 S cm^-1，可以实现锂金属电池的室温运行。功能性多孔聚合物膜降低了聚合物固态电解质的厚度，促进了电解质两侧Li₃N和LiF的形成，使锂离子沉积更均匀，能够抑制锂枝晶的生长。复合电解质在锂对称电池中能循环超过2000 h，极化电压仅为45 mV。在以磷酸铁锂为正极的电池中循环200圈，库伦效率99.85%，容量保持率80%；在以磷酸锰铁锂为正极材料的电池中，在4.25 V的截止电压下，稳定循环超过100圈，容量保持率90%，且库伦效率有98.95%。同时该复合电解质组装全固态锂金属软包电池展现出了优异的柔性和安全性，弯折2000圈后还有较高的容量保持率（>90%），并且在进行弯折、裁切、针刺实验后还能持续为设备供电。

    本文通过交联共聚降低电解质的结晶度，并且通过复合电解质的结构设计制备出超薄固态电解质。本文对开发具有高离子电导率、良好界面相容性，高机械强度的全固态复合电解质有指导意义。

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