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题名

锂金属负极用修饰泡沫镍的制备及电化学性能研究

其他题名
Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Modified Nickel Foam for Lithium Metal Anodes
姓名
王信
姓名拼音
WANG Xin
学号
12032316
学位类型
硕士
学位专业
085601 材料工程
学科门类/专业学位类别
0856 材料与化工
导师
程春
导师单位
材料科学与工程系
论文答辩日期
2022-04-30
论文提交日期
2022-06-17
学位授予单位
南方科技大学
学位授予地点
深圳
摘要

  锂金属负极具有高比容量（3860 mAh g-1）和低还原电位（-3.04 V，对标准氢电极）等优势，是下一代可充放电池的理想负极材料。然而，锂金属负极存在枝晶生长和体积膨胀等问题，这些问题会导致负极容量在循环过程中衰减过快，严重削弱负极的库伦效率及电化学稳定性。

  为了解决上述问题，本工作通过水热处理结合等离子体增强化学气相沉积（PECVD）工艺，制备得到了一种碳包覆氢氧化镍纳米片修饰泡沫镍（C@Ni(OH)2-NF）材料应用于锂金属负极，并系统研究了C@Ni(OH)2-NF的锂沉积行为及其电化学性能。主要研究内容和结果如下：

  本工作系统研究了PECVD工艺中不同反应温度和沉积时间对C@Ni(OH)2-NF集流体形貌及性能的影响。经过筛选，反应温度300 ℃下，沉积时间40 min制得的C@Ni(OH)2-NF具有最优性能。在1 mA cm-2, 1 mAh cm-2条件的半电池测试中，最优条件的Li//C@Ni(OH)2-NF经过900圈稳定循环后仍可保持97.6%的高库伦效率。在全电池测试方面，C@Ni(OH)2-NF-Li//LiFePO4电池在1 C倍率下经过300次循环后容量保持在80%，展现出良好的实际应用价值。研究结果表明，纳米片阵列可有效降低负极电流密度，为锂金属提供充足的生长空间，并容纳其体积膨胀；碳和还原的镍颗粒具有良好的导电性，可提供快速的电子传输通道；氢氧化镍纳米片上的氟化镍能提供亲锂活性位点，促使锂金属实现均匀成核与沉积。

其他摘要

  Lithium metal anode with high specific capacity (3860 mAh g-1) and low reduction potential (-3.04 V, compared with standard hydrogen electrode) is regarded as the ideal anode material for the next generation of rechargeable cells. However, the problems of lithium anode, such as dendrite growth and volume expansion, lead to the rapid capacity decay during the cycling process, which seriously weakens the Coulombic efficiency and electrochemical stability.

  To solve the above problems, a carbon-coated nickel hydroxide nanosheet modified nickel foam (C@Ni(OH)2-NF) material was prepared by hydrothermal treatment combined with plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process. It was applied to lithium metal anode, and lithium deposition behaviour and electrochemical performance on the C@Ni(OH)2-NF were systematically studied. The main research contents and results are as follows:

  In this work, the effects of different reaction temperatures and deposition time on the morphology and properties of the C@Ni(OH)2-NF current collector by the PECVD process were studied systematically. After optimization, the obtained C@Ni(OH)2-NF have the best performance, which were prepared at the reaction temperature of 300 ℃ and deposition time of 40 min. At a current density of 1 mA cm-2 with a capacity of 1 mAh cm-2, the Li//C@Ni(OH)2-NF half-cell can still maintain a high Coulombic efficiency of 97.6% after 900 cycles, exhibiting good cycling stability. In the full-cell test, the C@Ni(OH)2-NF-Li//LiFePO4 battery remained a capacity retention rate of 80% after 300 cycles at 1 C, showing good practical application value. These results show that the nanosheets can effectively reduce the current density, which can provide sufficient growth space for lithium metal and accommodate its volume expansion. Moreover, the carbon and reduced nickel nanoparticles with good electrical conductivity can provide fast electron transport channels. Finally, the fluorine-doped nickel hydroxide nanosheets can provide lithiophilic active sites and regulate uniform nucleation and deposition of lithium. 

关键词
锂金属电池 三维集流体 泡沫镍 碳包覆 氢氧化镍纳米片
语种
中文
培养类别
独立培养
入学年份
2020
学位授予年份
2022-6
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材料科学与工程系
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王信. 锂金属负极用修饰泡沫镍的制备及电化学性能研究[D]. 深圳. 南方科技大学,2022.
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