基于岩石物性频散测试的时频电磁 数据处理及应用

时频电磁法（Time Frequency Electromagnetic Method, TFEM）采用电阻率和极化率从岩性角度进行油气检测，弥补了以构造探测为主的地震勘探的不足，在石油勘探中得到了广泛的应用。该方法主要研究与目标储层含油气相关的电阻率和极化率异常信息，而实际生产的数据处理常常忽略了温度与压力对地层电性的影响，特别是深部发育热储的地区更明显，温压变化引起的电性变化会给资料解释和储层饱和度计算带来不可忽视的误差。

本文以我国西部CXN探区时频电磁勘探资料为基础，利用已有岩石物理温压频散测试数据，分析了岩石电性参数随频率变化的规律，以及地层电性随温度、压力的变化趋势和特征。通过拟合获得岩石复电阻率振幅、相位与温度、压力的近似关系式。然后，以探区已知地质资料、测井数据和地温数据为基础，修正了前人的温压校正函数，提出了基于复电阻率的温压校正公式，并利用其对时频电磁剖面数据进行了随深度的电阻率校正。基于校正的电阻率数据，探索性地研究了利用阿尔奇公式评估火成岩储层饱和度的方法。通过对探区已有数据的校正和饱和度的计算，获得了探区试验剖面上一段储层的饱和度数据。最后，基于前人依据火成岩储层厚度、电阻率、极化率三个参数进行油气检测的方法，提出了采用饱和度、电阻率、极化率和储层厚度四个参数进行火成岩储层评价的改进思路，可以实现时频电磁储层评价从定性到定量的转变。该研究为时频电磁方法及类似的油气储层评价方法提供了新的思路。

The method (Time Frequency Electromagnetic Method, TFEM) of using resistivity and polarizability to detect oil and gas from physical properties is adopted to make up for the shortage of seismic structure exploration, which is widely used in the petroleum exploration. This method mainly studies the abnormal information of resistivity and polarizability related to oil and gas in the target reservoir. However, the actual production data processing often ignores the influence of temperature and pressure on the formation electrical properties, especially in the deep areas with thermal reservoirs. The electrical properties caused by the change in temperature and pressure will bring significant errors to data interpretation and reservoir saturation calculation.

Based on the TFEM exploration data of the CXN exploration area in western China and the existing rock physical temperature and pressure dispersion test data, this paper analyzes the regularity of rock electrical parameters changing with frequency and the trend and characteristics of formation electrical properties changing with temperature and pressure. The approximate relation between the amplitude and phase of complex resistivity and temperature and pressure is obtained by fitting. Then, based on the known geological data, logging data, and geothermal data of the exploration area, the former temperature and pressure correction function is modified, and a temperature and pressure correction formula based on complex resistivity is proposed, which is used to carry out resistivity correction with depth for TFEM profile data. The method of evaluating the saturation of igneous reservoir in this area using the Archie formula is explored on the basis of the calibrated resistivity data. By correcting the existing data and calculating the saturation, the saturation data of a reservoir section in the test section of the exploration area are obtained. Finally, an improved idea of using four parameters of saturation, resistivity, polarizability and reservoir thickness for igneous reservoir evaluation is proposed for the previous method of oil and gas detection based on three parameters of igneous reservoir thickness, resistivity and polarizability, which can realize the transformation of TFEM reservoir evaluation from qualitative to quantitative. This study provides a new idea for the TFEM and similar methods for oil and gas reservoir evaluation.

Keywords: TFEM; Dispersion test; Resistivity correction; Reservoir saturation evaluation

[1] 何展翔,贺振华,王绪本,等.油气非地震勘探技术的发展趋势[J].地球物理学进 展,2002(03):473-479+485.
[2] 何展翔,王绪本,孔繁恕,等.时频电磁测深法[C].中国地球物理学会第十八届年会,2002.
[3] 何展翔.人工源时间—频率电磁测深方法[P].中国专利:ZL03150098.6, 2006.
[4] Dong WB, Zhao XM, Liu F, et al. The time-frequency electromagnetic method and its application in western China[J]. Applied Geophysics, 2008, 5(2): 127-135.
[5] He ZX, Suo XD, Hu ZZ, et al. Time-frequency electromagnetic method for exploring favorable deep igneous rock targets: a case study from north Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, 2019, 24(2): 215-224.
[6] 赵一丹,何展翔,郑求根,等.时频电磁法含油气有利区预测在T盆地的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(S1):228-232.
[7] He ZX, Liu XJ, Qiu WT, et al. "Mapping reservoir boundary by borehole-surface TFEM: Two case studies." The Leading Edge, 24(9) (2005): 896-900.
[8] 李燕丽,金凤鸣,魏强,等.时频电磁法在冀中坳陷潜山及潜山内幕油气预测中的应用.石油地球物理勘探[J].2016.(S1).
[9] 孙志华,付吉林,杨书江,等.时频电磁法勘探在尼日尔A区块的应用效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(S1):147-151+169-170.
[10] 何继善. 双频激电法(精)[M]. 高等教育出版社, 2006.
[11] 罗延钟,张桂青. 频率域激电法原理[M]. 地质出版社, 1988.
[12] 杨振威,郑伟,李晓斌,等.频谱激电法的发展与展望[J].物探与化探, 2015, 39(001):22-28.
[13] 赵邦六,何展翔,文百红.非地震直接油气检测技术及其勘探实践[J].中国石油勘探,2005(06):29-37+9.
[14] 张锐锋,严良俊,孙社敏,等.时频电磁法时域激电参数提取与应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(06):1227-1232.
[15] 曲昕馨,董卫斌,等. 基于温压与电阻率关系的电磁反演校正技术研究[C].2019年油气地球物理学术年会论文集.2019:463-466.
[16] 石昆法.可控源音频大地电磁法理论与应用[M],北京:科学出版社,1999.
[17] 邓少贵,范宜仁,仝兆岐,等.不同矿化度下泥质砂岩岩石物理特性研究[C]. 第三届中俄测井国际学术交流会.2002.
[18] 曲斌,刘玉,邵英梅,等.储层状态气体岩石电阻率测试技术及变化规律研究[C].2002.
[19] 王克文.基于逾渗网络模型和升尺度方法的储层岩石电性研究[D].中国石油大学.2007.
[20] Revil A. Spectral induced polarization of shaly sands: Influence of the electrical double layer[J]. Water Resources Research, 2012, 48(2): W02517.
[21] 宋延杰,邢丽波.新型混合泥质砂岩通用双电层电导率模型[J].大庆石油学院学报,2005(06):7-10+16.
[22] 沈金松,苏本玉,王智茹,等.泥质砂岩电导率模型的分析及对比[J].测井技术,2008, 32(5):9.
[23] 孙建国.岩石物理学基础[D].地质出版社.2006.
[24] Barreto A N and Dias C A. Fluid salinity, clay content, and permeability of rocks determined through complex resistivity partition fraction decomposition[J]. Geophysics, 2014,79(5): D333-D347.
[25] 周彪华. 九瑞矿集区三维电性结构研究及找矿意义[D].东华理工大学,2015.
[26] 应文峰. 龙门山南段山前带高家场构造特征研究.成都理工大学,2013.
[27] 李智武. 中—新生代大巴山前陆盆地—冲断带的形成演化[D].成都理工大学, 2006.
[28] 汤艳玲,李凌,谭秀成,等.川西南部地区下二叠统栖霞阶层序地层特征及岩相古地理[J]. 2022.沉积学报:1-20.
[29] 张鹏. 沉积环境对页岩气发育的控制作用及应用[D].中国地质大学(北京),2015.
[30] 李明隆,谭秀成,苏成鹏,等.四川盆地西北部中二叠统栖霞组砂糖状白云岩特征及成因机制——以广元上寺剖面为例[J].地质论评,2020,66(03):591-610.
[31] 贝东.四川盆地川西坳陷高异常地层压力分布特征[J].矿物岩石,1995(01):58-62.
[32] 刘震,张万选.含油气盆地地温-地压系统浅析[J].天然气地球科学,1996,7(1):5.
[33] 刘震,朱文奇,孙强,等.中国含油气盆地地温-地压系统[J].石油学报,2012, 33(1):17.
[34] 侯振学,陈朕,牛全兵,等.致密砂岩储层电性特征分析[J].岩性油气藏,2020,32(02):100-107.
[35] 陈颙, 黄庭芳, 刘恩儒.岩石物理学[M].中国科学技术大学出版社, 2009.
[36] Archie G E. The Electrical Resistivity Log as an Aid in Determining Some Reservoir Characteristics[J]. Transactions of the AIME, 1942, 146(01):54-62.
[37] Simandoux P. Dielectric measurements on porous media: application to the measurement of water saturations: study of the behaviour of argillaceous formations[J]. Revue de l’Institut Francais du Petrol 18, 1963,supplementary:193-215.
[38] Winsauer W O, Shearin A M, Mason J P, et al. Resistivity of Brine-saturated Sands in Relation to Pore Geometry[J]. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists,1952, 36(2):263-277.
[39] 索孝东, 董卫斌, 石东阳,等.时频电磁井震联合建模反演探测深部火山岩储层内幕结构:渤海湾盆地LD地区实例研究[J].地质科技通报, 2021, 40(5):10.
[40] 蒋飞, 程日辉, 许中杰.火山地层框架下的火山岩储层发育机理[J].吉林大学学报, 2015(S1):950