基于旁瓣感知的60GHz室内通感一体化关键技术研究

智慧城市、智能制造与智能家居等新兴应用场景的实现需要系统同时具有通信与感知的能力。区别于资源拥挤的Sub-6GHz 通信频段，60GHz 毫米波频段在超高速通信和细粒度感知方面都有不俗的表现，在毫米波频段实现通信感知一体化已成为研究热点之一。然而，毫米波通信的定向传输特点将系统感知的范围限制在了狭窄的扇区内。现阶段，关于60GHz 通信感知一体化的工作主要分为两类：一类是利用信标头间隔内的波束训练机制实现扫描式感知，另一类是生成多个波束并赋予不同功能，比如其中一个波束定向通信，另一个扫描式感知。前者由于信标头在信标持续时间中的占比极短，能满足的应用场景受限。后者的多波束策略会降低通信波束的能量，并且可能会引入对同频段其他通信设备的干扰。为解决上述问题，本论文设计了基于旁瓣感知的通感一体化系统Sidense（Side lobe sensing）。其基本思想在于，局域网中的接入点与客户端在进行定向通信时，接入点的发射机旁瓣能量会散布在其余方向，Sidense 利用这些旁瓣能量进行周围环境的感知。针对旁瓣能量低所带来的问题，Sidense 设计了时域自适应积累策略以增强接收信号质量。为解决旁瓣增益不均匀在多目标感知场景下的问题，Sidense 对接收信号建立了线性叠加模型，从多个混合信号中分离出单个目标信号。最后，为避免因通信因素造成感知中断，设计了时域分段与拼接的交织处理方式。本论文利用60GHz 软件定义无线电实现了Sidense 系统原型，系统能够在不影
响通信性能的前提下，实现同时的环境感知与定向通信。通过实验证明了Sidense 可以在94.4%的发射机波束指向下同时感知多个周期运动的目标，并且在室内6 米距离的任意发射波束指向下，单目标周期和位移误差的中位数分别为2.58% 和1.6mm，拓展了毫米波系统在定向通信时的感知边界。

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