抑制锂硫电池锂枝晶和正极钝化的电解 液添加剂研究

锂硫电池具有高比容量和高能量密度，并且硫成本低廉，环境友好， 因此被广泛认为是极具应用潜力的下一代储能设备。但是，锂硫电池存在 电解液用量过多导致其实际能量密度下降，多硫化物穿梭效应以及锂枝晶 的生长引起的循环性能恶化等问题，成为了阻碍其商业化的主要因素。电 解液添加剂是解决上述问题的有效策略之一。因此，本文主要研究了四乙 基硝酸铵和普鲁士蓝两种电解液添加剂，采用了一系列的电化学测试手段， 对锂硫电池的循环特性进行了研究。证明了这两种添加剂能有效抑制锂枝 晶生长并缓解硫正极钝化，进而改善电池的循环性能。 使用四乙基硝酸铵作为锂硫电池电解液的添加剂，该添加剂的加入提 高了电解液的给体数（Donor Number，DN 值），激活了涉及 S3 -自由基离子 的新的反应路径，显著提高了 Sn 2- (6≤n≤8)转变成 Sn 2- (299.5%）200 圈循环后，放电比容量可达 601 mAh/g，同时库伦效 率依然高达 99.6%。经过电化学阻抗谱（EIS），循环伏安法（CV）等电化 学测试表明，添加剂的加入也有效减小了电池的电极极化，循环性能得到 明显提高。

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