室温高离子电导率聚合物固态电解质研究

        聚合物固态电解质（SPE）以其加工性能佳、柔韧性好、低可燃性等诸多优点受到广泛关注。 因此， 以 SPE构建的 固态锂金属电池，被认为是下一代储能技术的有力竞争者。然而目前的 SPE还远未达到商业化 应用的要求，究其原因主要是其室温离子电导率较低，难以满足生产需求 。因此，设计和开发室温高离子电导率的 SPE是固态锂金属电池进一步发展的关键。本论文旨在制备具有室温 高 离子电导率（ （>10^-4 S cm^-1）、 较高锂离子迁移数、化学和电化学性质稳定的 SPE，并评估其在固态锂电池中的应用潜力。本论文主要以聚碳酸乙烯酯（ PEC）和聚 环氧乙烷 PEO 这两种 聚合物分别作为 SPE的聚合物基体材料 ，从聚合物改性入手，通过添加不同增塑剂制备了两种 具有高室温离子电导率的 聚合物固态电解质。

         在PEC体系中，分别选取了玻璃纤维膜作为支撑物，双二氟磺酰亚胺锂（LiFSI）作为锂盐，丁二腈（SN）作为增塑剂，通过调节SN和LiFSI的比例并以简单的溶液浸泡的方式制备了聚合物电解质。在30℃下，该聚合物电解质的离子电导率为1.8×10⁻⁴ S cm^-1。基于上述电解质的Li//Li电池显示出较低的极化电位，在0.1 mA cm^-2电流下稳定循环2200 h以上。此外，LiFePO₄//Li电池具有良好的循环稳定性，0.5 C倍率下稳定循环690圈后，容量保持率仍高达80.9%。

         在PEO体系中，以双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂（LiTFSI）作为锂盐，四乙二醇二甲醚（TEGDME）作为增塑剂，通过溶液浇铸法制备聚合物电解质膜。通过调整TEGDME与LiTFSI的添加比例，制备了均相且自支撑的聚合物电解质膜。该方法有效提高了室温下PEO中非晶区的占比，为锂离子传输提供快速通道，将离子导电率提高3个数量级。在30℃下，基于上述电解质的Li//Li电池在0.1 mA cm^-2电流下稳定循环1800 h以上。0.2 C倍率下，LiFePO₄//Li电池也表现出较高的放电比容量，首圈高达155.6 mAh g^-1。且具有良好的循环稳定性，循环140圈后，容量保持率为80.0%。

      Solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) attract extensive interests due to their unique properties, such as easy processability, excellent flexibility and low flammability. Therefore, all solid-state lithium metal batteries based on SPEs are regarded as the promising candidates for next-generation energy storage technology. However, SPEs currently are far from being commercialized, mainly caused by their disadvantage of low ionic conductivity at room temperature. Therefore, designing and developing SPEs with high ionic conductivity at room temperature is the key to the further development of all solid-state lithium metal batteries. This study aims to design SPE with high ionic conductivity (>10^-4 S cm^-1), high lithium ion transference number and chemical and electrochemical stability at room temperature. Meanwhile, we assess the applications potential of these electrolytes in solid-state lithium metal batteries. In this work, polyethylene carbonate (PEC) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) are chosen as SPE polymer hosts. Starting from polymer modification, two types of different SPE with high room temperature ionic conductivity are prepared by adding different plasticizers.

      In PEC system, glass fiber membrane lithium, bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI) and succinonitrile (SN) are selected as supports, lithium salt and plasticizer, respectively. A PECLi60-SN15 polymer electrolyte is successfully fabricated via quiet handy method of solution soaking method by finely tuned the ratios of SN to LiFSI. As a result, the optimal ionic conductivity of 1.8×10⁻⁴ S cm^-1 is achieved at 30℃。Li symmetric cells with the above electrolyte display low voltage polarization and stably cycling performance for over 1000 h at 0.2 mA cm^-2. LiFePO₄//Li batteries exhibit good cycling stability (80.9% retention at 1 C after 690 cycles).

       In PEO system, the polymer electrolyte membrane is prepared by solution cast technique with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) as the lithium salt and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) as the plasticizer. By adjusting the addition ratio of TEGDME to LiTFSI, a PEOT electrolyte is obtained as homogeneous, self-standing membranes. The method effectively improves the proportion of amorphous region in PEO at room temperature which provides a fast channel for lithium-ion transmission. The ionic conductivity is enhanced by three orders of magnitude at 30 °C. Li symmetric cell with the above electrolyte stably cycles for more than 1800 h at 0.1 mA cm^-2. Moreover, LiFePO₄//Li battery also shows a high discharge specific capacity, with the initial discharge specific capacity as high as 155.6 mAh g^-1. Moreover, the batteries exhibit good cycling stability (80.0% retention at 0.2 C after 140 cycles)

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