光纤光栅形态传感器关键技术研究

光纤布拉格光栅因其具有耐腐蚀、抗电磁干扰、易与基体结合等优势，在结构健康监测、形态传感等领域得到广泛的发展。利用光纤光栅进行海底滑坡监测与数据采集具有广阔的应用前景，目前陆地滑坡监测有很多成熟的技术，但是由于海底滑坡应用环境特殊，当前陆上滑坡监测技术都无法在海底使用。本文针对运用于海底滑坡监测场合，开展一种基于光纤布拉格光栅的全向型形态传感器研究。

论文首先开展了基于光纤光栅的全向形态传感器的传感机理研究，针对光纤光栅在基体上的布设形式，设计了一种将3组光纤光栅串沿基体周向120°等间距布设封装传感器结构，理论分析了3光栅螺旋布设结构弯曲响应特性，对影响螺旋式布设封装的传感器弯曲应变灵敏度影响因素进行仿真分析，得到适合海底滑坡监测传感器封装最佳方式为平行布设。

在综合考虑传感器贯入过程中机械性能要求、工作环境的耐压要求和光、机电复合集成要求的基础上，完成了光纤光栅全向形态传感器的结构设计与研制，完成了传感器的弯曲响应系数与温度灵敏度标定，针对应变-温度交叉敏感问题，提出采用参考光栅法剔除温度对光栅中心波长偏移量的影响。开展了传感器耐压测试，结果表明传感器可承受3MPa压强且密封性良好。进行传感器稳定性测试，结果表明传感器长期稳定性良好。

开展了全向形态传感器形态重建算法与标定技术研究，采用标准曲率块和高精度分度旋转方法对各传感位置的响应矩阵进行了测试标定，并在此基础上进行了全向形态测量性能研究，在360度方向上对传感器的形态进行了测量，形态重建结果与实际形态符合度较好，形态重建误差使用均方根误差(RMSE)相对传感器有效传感长度大小，最大误差为0.19%，平均误差为0.08%，各方向测试结果表明传感器的形态重建一致性效果良好。

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