柔性压电驻极体自驱动传感器及其在健康领域应用研究

随着全球老龄化的加剧和物质生活水平的提高，人们对自身健康状况愈发重视。然而，现有的医疗系统和设备很难针对每个人提供及时有效的医疗服务，如何构建微小、便携的健康监测器件，实现精准、实时的健康监测人体生理信号成为备受关注的技术问题。由于人体生理活动，如呼吸、心跳、说话、运动等都会产生人体界面压力的规律变化，故构建并使用高灵敏、宽压力范围的便携式柔性压力传感器可精确采集多种人体生理信号，从而实现对人体的精准、实时的健康监测。然而，现有的电阻式和电容式柔性压力传感器都需要外接电源，存在移动不便、环境不友好等问题；基于压电陶瓷或压电聚合物的传统压电式传感器可实现自驱动，但压电陶瓷质地较硬，不利于人体曲面监测，压电聚合物的压电系数较低，不利于高精度监测；静电式压力传感器选材灵活，可实现柔性高精度监测，但易受环境影响。基于压电驻极体的压力传感器不仅能实现自驱动，同时还具备柔性、高灵敏、高稳定性等优点。然而，目前压电驻极体传感器存在灵敏度和线性压力检测范围相互制约的矛盾，限制了其在健康领域的应用。所以，有必要设计新型压电驻极体传感结构，在保证传感器线性压力检测范围的前提下，提高其灵敏度。

本文设计制作了一种基于叠层压电驻极体的柔性、高灵敏度、宽线性压力检测范围的自驱动压力传感器。该传感器由聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）和多孔聚丙烯（PP）材料组成，为PTFE/PP/PTFE叠层型结构，缓解了传统压电驻极体传感器在高灵敏度和宽压力检测范围之间的矛盾。PTFE/PP/PTFE结构的压电系数高达218 pC/N，且传感器在0~110 kPa的宽压力范围内保持线性。其中，在0~10 kPa的线性压力范围内，传感器的灵敏度高达0.868 V·kPa^-1，约为多孔PP压电驻极体压力传感器的9.75倍。基于该传感器设计的智能枕，可实时监测心跳和呼吸信号；将该传感器固定在人体的颈部和腕部，可实现脉搏信号的实时监测。通过分析所采集到的人体生理信号，可获得呼吸、心率、脉搏等健康指标，并用于人体心脏和动脉血管健康状况的初步评估，为便携式健康监测及家庭医疗提供了新的可能。

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