碳纤维处理及高性能碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料的制备

聚醚醚酮具有机械强度高、耐冲击、耐水解、耐高温、耐疲劳、耐磨等许多优良的性能。将聚醚醚酮与碳纤维复合制备耐高温热塑性复合材料具有广阔的前景。碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮复合材料的加工方式一般采用热压成型工艺。在加工过程中，模具的选取会影响材料的性能和加工可行性，400℃左右的加工温度也使复合材料的脱模成为一个棘手的问题，表面呈现惰性的碳纤维与聚醚醚酮之间弱的界面结合强度会降低复合材料的性能。

本文通过设计不同类型的模具来检测不同的模具对复合材料的性能和加工可行性的综合影响。通过实验与理论分析相结合的方法，筛选出基于热压成型工艺加工碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮高分子复合材料的适合的模具。

为制备表面完整并且没有损伤的复合材料，本文对耐高温热塑性复合材料的脱模技术进行了研究。通过采取对加工模具不同喷涂方法的实验对比，本文发现了将含聚四氟乙烯粉末的脱模剂和含氮化硼粉末的脱模剂进行复合喷涂可以取得良好的脱模效果。利用复合喷涂的方法，得到表面没有损伤和缺陷的碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮高分子复合材料。

复合材料的加工制造温度会影响聚醚醚酮的流动性和聚醚醚酮对碳纤维的包覆。当聚醚醚酮对碳纤维的包覆情况不同时，复合材料的界面强度也不同。温度也会影响加工过程的能源损耗。通过综合分析复合材料机械性能和能源损耗，本研究对理想的加工温度进行了探究。

本文用米氏酸处理碳纤维，使碳纤维表面产生羧基。然后利用羧基化碳纳米管-聚醚砜的材料组合对碳纤维进行表面的结构调控。聚醚砜的浓度和羧基化碳纳米管的相对含量对组合材料及碳纤维的处理效果具有较大的影响。本研究采用15mg/ml的聚醚砜和相对质量分数0.5%的羧基化碳纳米管对碳纤维进行表面结构调控，并对其复合材料的机械性能进行了研究。

基于被结构调控的碳纤维，本研究应用熔融浸渍法的原理对碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮预浸料进行了加工，并且对碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮预浸料的机械性能进行了测试研究。

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