基于有机场效应晶体管结构的红外光电探测器的研究

具有近红外响应的探测器目前被广泛应用于红外成像、医学检测和自
动化等领域。故越来越多的新型材料被用于开发有机红外探测器，期望实
现良好的近红外探测。PbS 胶体量子点是一种带隙可调节的半导体材料，
在红外探测领域引起了极大的关注。但由于存在光生载流子的寿命短，传
输距离有限等问题。对此，不仅需要选用合适的有机材料来匹配 PbS 量子
点的能级，也需要设计合理的器件结构来提升有机探测器的性能。本论文
以 OFETs 为器件结构基础，构建了多种具有良好红外光探测的有机光敏
场效应晶体管。具体的研究内容如下： 
选用经典的 p 型有机半导体材料 P3HT 和最佳受体 PC61BM，制备了具
有近红外探测能力的光敏场效应晶体管。通过构建体异质结晶体管、设计
合适的场效应晶体管结构、优化器件制备工艺等方式探索器件的红外光响
应性能。制备了相应的体异质结三元探测器（PbS/P3HT:PC61BM）以及分
层光敏探测器（PbS/P3HT） 。所得器件对于白光有良好的光响应特性，探
测红外光波长的范围可至 1100 nm，且所探测的最弱光强可达 160 μW/cm2，
响应的光响应电流可达 10-8 A。 
更加深入的探索了基于有机材料 PDPPBTT 与 PbS 量子点耦合的场效
应短波红外探测晶体管。通过有机材料 PDPPBTT 提供高迁移率的电荷传输
路径，实现在短波红外光（1 -1.5 μm）照明时，从 PbS 量子点到有机半导
体材料的空穴注入过程。混合型光电探测器中的光响应速度（<60 ms）相
比于以 PbS 量子点作为晶体管沟道层固有的慢响应行为有着显著提高。混
合晶体管可以检测到 50 μW/cm2（1440 nm）的最弱红外光强，光电流可达
800 nA，实现了低检测线、高灵敏度的短波红外检测。为短波红外光谱中
提供高性能检测提供了新的解决方案，极大地优化了红外传感器的设计。 
 
 

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