PCR用高热流密度高效热电制冷器件的研究

  热电制冷器件是具有前景的热管理器件，被运用在各个温度管理的场景中。PCR技术是生物大分子DNA的检测技术，被广泛应用在医疗领域，在PCR反应中需要快速温度转变速率以及高的温度精准度，提出了对高热流密度以及高效率的热管理器件的需求。通过热电制冷器件的优化，能够得到PCR用的高性能热管理器件。

  热电制冷器件的最重要组成是其发挥功能的热电材料，碲化铋基热电材料被广泛应用与热电器件之中，是成熟的商用热电材料。本文在碲化铋制备工艺以及成分调控上作出了优化，提升了其热电性能。使用放电等离子球磨的新合成方法得到了稳定的Bi_0.4Sb_1.6Te₃的物相，使用过量Te掺杂的液相烧结合成方法，提升了碲化铋功率因子，降低了晶格热导率，在450℃，50MPa热压烧结温度下，得到Bi_0.4Sb_1.6Te_3.3样品室温下30℃左右的功率因子达到38.67μW·cm^-1·K^-2，最大ZT值为1.39。通过有限元仿真软件建立了热电器件的模型，对其进行了制冷量以及制冷效率进行了优化研究，对实际器件的测量中，器件热电臂高度0.6mm减小到0.4mm，器件最大热流密度提升了52.4%，与仿真相验证。在完成材料以及器件的优化基础上，本文根据PCR的温度控制需求，对热电制冷器件PCR工况下的适应性作出了仿真研究，通过增大工作面上基板厚度，改善导热性能，优化了温度分布均匀性，使用PID算法对器件工作进行控制实现了温度精准度以及快速温度转变速率的需求。

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