用于复合材料结构电池的双连续相固态高分子电解质

锂离子电池拥有高能量密度、高功率密度、快速充电和长使用寿命等优秀性能，推动了许多领域尤其是电动交通工具和便携电子设备的革新。近十年来，先进的储能组件驱动着现代交通领域的发展，从电动汽车到高空卫星，如今，这一领域的主要研究目标依然是更轻便、更环保、更加可持续。在系统中使用同时能够承担多个主要功能的材料有望同时推进这些目标。复合材料结构电池——在储存电化学能量的同时承担机械载荷，就是实现材料和系统的多功能的一个重要手段。在交通电气化的当下，结构电池有可能在系统层面减轻重量并提高电动汽车或电动飞机的效率。 本研究展示了一种复合材料结构电池设计，这一设计中研发使用了一种新型双连续相固态高分子电解质，其由包含锂盐的小分子溶液相和交联高分子固态支持相组成。研究探索了该电解质中高分子单体和固液相比例对电解质性能的影响。通过动态热机械分析、傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和差示扫描量热的方法，研究了该电解质的微观结构和聚合机理。 将该电解质组装为不锈钢阻断电池，使用电化学阻抗谱测量其离子电导率； 组装为对锂电池，使用线性扫描伏安法测量其相对 Li/Li⁺ 的电化学稳定窗口，并基于该电解质组装了锂-磷酸铁锂电池以研究其在电池应用中的电化学性能，最终确定了具有获得了良好电化学和机械性能的电解质配方。使用这种电解质的固态 LiFePO₄/Li 纽扣电池显示出优异的电化学性能，室温下 0.1 C (1 C = 170 mAh/g) 的最大可逆容量为 157 mAh/g 。 使用基于该电解质的组装的柔性薄膜固态锂离子电池单元，可以直接与纤维预浸料一起使用传统的真空袋成型技术制造，易于加工。预浸料层压板作为嵌入式电池单元的封装，使整体具有出色的机械性能。本研究中采用一步成型制造了平板形、弧面和圆管复合材料结构电池，同时将圆管结构电池作为系统的储能组件和结构框架，研究了其在载荷下的机械和电化学性能。当达到约 53.6 MPa 的压缩强度时，结构电池圆管仍然可以提供能量。

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