Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17

Wiens，Kirsten E.1; Lindstedt，Paulina A.1; Blacker，Brigette F.1; Johnson，Kimberly B.1; Baumann，Mathew M.1; Schaeffer，Lauren E.1; Abbastabar，Hedayat7; Abd-Allah，Foad27; Abdelalim，Ahmed27; Abdollahpour，Ibrahim33; Abegaz，Kedir Hussein35,36; Abejie，Ayenew Negesse42; Abreu，Lucas Guimarães43; Abrigo，Michael R.M.48; Abualhasan，Ahmed27; Accrombessi，Manfred Mario Kokou49,52; Acharya，Dilaram53,54; Adabi，Maryam59; Adamu，Abdu A.60,62; Adebayo，Oladimeji M.65; Adedoyin，Rufus Adesoji68; Adekanmbi，Victor70; Adetokunboh，Olatunji O.60,71; Adhena，Beyene Meressa72; Afarideh，Mohsen8,80; Ahmad，Sohail81; Ahmadi，Keivan82; Ahmed，Anwar E.83; Ahmed，Muktar Beshir84,88; Ahmed，Rushdia89,90; Akalu，Temesgen Yihunie93; Alahdab，Fares97; Al-Aly，Ziyad98,99; Alam，Noore100,101; Alam，Samiah102; Alamene，Genet Melak37; Alanzi，Turki M.103; Alcalde-Rabanal，Jacqueline Elizabeth105; Ali，Beriwan Abdulqadir111,112; Alijanzadeh，Mehran113; Alipour，Vahid114,115; Aljunid，Syed Mohamed125,126; Almasi，Ali127; Almasi-Hashiani，Amir143; Al-Mekhlafi，Hesham M.146,147; Altirkawi，Khalid A.148; Alvis-Guzman，Nelson150,151; Alvis-Zakzuk，Nelson J.152,153; Amini，Saeed144; Amit，Arianna Maever L.155,158; Andrei，Catalina Liliana162; Anjomshoa，Mina165; Anoushiravani，Amir9; Ansari，Fereshteh165,167; Antonio，Carl Abelardo T.156,168; Antony，Benny170; Antriyandarti，Ernoiz171; Arabloo，Jalal114; Aref，Hany Mohamed Amin172; Aremu，Olatunde175; Armoon，Bahram176,177; Arora，Amit178,179; Aryal，Krishna K.180; Arzani，Afsaneh181,185; Asadi-Aliabadi，Mehran116; Atalay，Hagos Tasew186; Athari，Seyyed Shamsadin189; Athari，Seyyede Masoume190; Atre，Sachin R.161,195; Ausloos，Marcel196,197; Awoke，Nefsu198; Ayala Quintanilla，Beatriz Paulina202,204; Ayano，Getinet205; Ayanore，Martin Amogre206; Aynalem，Yared Asmare208; Azari，Samad114; Azzopardi，Peter S.209,210; Babaee，Ebrahim116; Babalola，Tesleem Kayode211,215; Badawi，Alaa217,218; Bairwa，Mohan159,221; Bakkannavar，Shankar M.224; Balakrishnan，Senthilkumar227; Bali，Ayele Geleto228; Banach，Maciej231,232; Banoub，Joseph Adel Mattar233; Barac，Aleksandra237,238; Bärnighausen，Till Winfried241,242; Basaleem，Huda249; Basu，Sanjay243,250; Bay，Vo Dinh255; Bayati，Mohsen256; Baye，Estifanos260; Bedi，Neeraj146,264; Beheshti，Mahya265; Behzadifar，Masoud266; Behzadifar，Meysam267; Bekele，Bayu Begashaw269,270; Belayneh，Yaschilal Muche261; Bell，Michelle L.271; Bennett，Derrick A.272; Berbada，Dessalegn Ajema275; Bernstein，Robert S.277,279; Bhat，Anusha Ganapati280; Bhattacharyya，Krittika281,282; Bhattarai，Suraj283; Bhaumik，Soumyadeep284,285,286; Bhutta，Zulfiqar A.219,290; Bijani，Ali182; Bikbov，Boris292; Birihane，Binyam Minuye293,294; Biswas，Raaj Kishore287,295; Bohlouli，Somayeh296; Bojia，Hunduma Amensisa229; Boufous，Soufiane287; Brady，Oliver J.50; Bragazzi，Nicola Luigi297; Briko，Andrey Nikolaevich298; Briko，Nikolay Ivanovich299; Britton，Gabrielle B.301,302; Burugina Nagaraja，Sharath303; Busse，Reinhard304; Butt，Zahid A.305,306; Cámera，Luis Alberto307,308; Campos-Nonato，Ismael R.106; Cano，Jorge49; Car，Josip251,308,309; Cárdenas，Rosario310; Carvalho，Felix311; Castañeda-Orjuela，Carlos A.154,315; Castro，Franz302; Chanie，Wagaye Fentahun94,228; Chatterjee，Pranab317; Chattu，Vijay Kumar220; Chichiabellu，Tesfaye Yitna198; Chin，Ken Lee319,322; Christopher，Devasahayam J.323; Chu，Dinh Toi326; Cormier，Natalie Maria1; Costa，Vera Marisa311; Culquichicon，Carlos327; Daba，Matiwos Soboka85; Damiani，Giovanni328,330; Dandona，Lalit1,318,334; Dandona，Rakhi1,2,334; Dang，Anh Kim335; Darwesh，Aso Mohammad337; Darwish，Amira Hamed339; Daryani，Ahmad340; Das，Jai K.291; Das Gupta，Rajat D.89,345; Dash，Aditya Prasad346; Davey，Gail347,349; Dávila-Cervantes，Claudio Alberto355; Davis，Adrian C.252,356; Davitoiu，Dragos Virgil163,359; De la Hoz，Fernando Pio316; Demis，Asmamaw Bizuneh86,360; Demissie，Dereje Bayissa94,363,366; Demissie，Getu Debalkie94; Demoz，Gebre Teklemariam187,354; Denova-Gutiérrez，Edgar107; Deribe，Kebede348,349; Desalew，Assefa230; Deshpande，Aniruddha1; Dharmaratne，Samath Dhamminda1,2,367; Dhillon，Preeti368; Dhimal，Meghnath371; Dhungana，Govinda Prasad372; Diaz，Daniel373,374; Dipeolu，Isaac Oluwafemi375; Djalalinia，Shirin378; Doyle，Kerrie E.379,382; Dubljanin，Eleonora239; Duko，Bereket205,383; Duraes，Andre Rodrigues385,388; Ebrahimi Kalan，Mohammad389; Edinur，Hisham Atan390; Effiong，Andem391; Eftekhari，Aziz191,393; El Nahas，Nevine172; El Sayed，Iman235; El Sayed Zaki，Maysaa394; El Tantawi，Maha234,236; Elema，Teshome Bekele350,395; Elhabashy，Hala Rashad28; El-Jaafary，Shaimaa I.27; Elkout，Hajer396,397; Elsharkawy，Aisha29; Elyazar，Iqbal R.F.398; Endalamaw，Aklilu399; Endalew，Daniel Adane402; Eskandarieh，Sharareh10; Esteghamati，Alireza8; Esteghamati，Sadaf8; Etemadi，Arash26,403; Ezekannagha，Oluchi404,405; Fareed，Mohammad406; Faridnia，Roghiyeh341; Farzadfar，Farshad11; Fazlzadeh，Mehdi12,407; Feigin，Valery L.1,410,411; Fereshtehnejad，Seyed Mohammad412,415; Fernandes，Eduarda312; Filip，Irina416,417; Fischer，Florian419; Foigt，Nataliya A.420; Folayan，Morenike Oluwatoyin69; Foroutan，Masoud421; Franklin，Richard Charles422; Fukumoto，Takeshi423,424; Gad，Mohamed M.425,427; Gayesa，Reta Tsegaye428; Gebre，Teshome432; Gebremedhin，Ketema Bizuwork351; Gebremeskel，Gebreamlak Gebremedhn73,186; Gesesew，Hailay Abrha74,433; Gezae，Kebede Embaye75; Ghadiri，Keyghobad128,129; Ghashghaee，Ahmad114,117; Ghimire，Pramesh Raj435; Gill，Paramjit Singh436; Gill，Tiffany K.437; Ginindza，Themba G.212; Gomes，Nelson G.M.312,313; Gopalani，Sameer Vali441,442; Goulart，Alessandra C.443,444; Goulart，Bárbara Niegia Garcia447; Grada，Ayman448; Gubari，Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen449; Gugnani，Harish Chander450,451; Guido，Davide452; Guimarães，Rafael Alves453; Guo，Yuming319,454; Gupta，Rajeev455,456; Hafezi-Nejad，Nima13,160; Haile，Dessalegn H.39; Hailu，Gessessew Bugssa76; Haj-Mirzaian，Arvin14,457; Haj-Mirzaian，Arya160; Hamadeh，Randah R.463; Hamidi，Samer464; Handiso，Demelash Woldeyohannes465; Haririan，Hamidreza166; Hariyani，Ninuk438,466; Hasaballah，Ahmed I.468; Hasan，Md Mehedi469,470; Hasanpoor，Edris192; Hasanzadeh，Amir15,193; Hassankhani，Hadi166,471; Hassen，Hamid Yimam269,472; Hegazy，Mohamed I.27; Heibati，Behzad473; Heidari，Behnam8; Hendrie，Delia205; Henry，Nathaniel J.1; Herteliu，Claudiu197,474; Heydarpour，Fatemeh130; Hidru，Hagos Degefa De475; Hird，Thomas R.476,478; Hoang，Chi Linh479; Homaie Rad，Enayatollah H.480,481; Hoogar，Praveen225; Hoseini，Mohammad257,258; Hossain，Naznin482; Hosseini，Mostafa16,17; Hosseinzadeh，Mehdi336,338; Househ，Mowafa483; Hsairi，Mohamed484; Hu，Guoqing485; Hussen，Mohammedaman Mama38; Ibitoye，Segun Emmanuel375; Igumbor，Ehimario U.486,487; Ilesanmi，Olayinka Stephen66,376; Ilic，Milena D.488; Imani-Nasab，Mohammad Hasan268; Iqbal，Usman490; Irvani，Seyed Sina Naghibi458; Islam，Sheikh Mohammed Shariful492,493; Iwu，Chinwe Juliana60,64; Izadi，Neda459; Jaca，Anelisa61,64; Jahanmehr，Nader460,461; Jakovljevic，Mihajlo300,489; Jalali，Amir131,132; Jayatilleke，Achala Upendra494,495; Jha，Ravi Prakash496,497; Jha，Vivekanand226,284; Ji，John S.498,499; Jonas，Jost B.501,502; Jozwiak，Jacek Jerzy503; Kabir，Ali118; Kabir，Zubair504; Kahsay，Amaha77; Kalani，Hamed505; Kanchan，Tanuj506; Karami Matin，Behzad133; Karch，André507; Karim，Mohd Anisul272,508; Karimi-Sari Surendra Karki，Hamidreza288,509,510; Kasaeian，Amir18,119; Kasahun，Gebremicheal Gebreslassie187; Kasahun，Yawukal Chane383; Kasaye，Habtamu Kebebe429; Kassa，Gebrehiwot G.188; Kassa，Getachew Mullu40; Kayode，Gbenga A.511,512; Kazemi Karyani，Ali133,134; Kebede，Mihiretu M.514,515; Keiyoro，Peter Njenga516; Kelbore，Abraham Getachew199; Kengne，Andre Pascal519,520; Ketema，Daniel Bekele41; Khader，Yousef Saleh522; Khafaie，Morteza Abdullatif523; Khalid，Nauman526; Khalilov，Rovshan527,528; Khan，Ejaz Ahmad529; Khan，Junaid369; Khan，Md Nuruzzaman392,530; Khan，Muhammad Shahzeb531,532; Khatab，Khaled534,535; Khater，Amir M.30; Khater，Mona M.31; Khayamzadeh，Maryam462,536; Khazaei，Mohammad55; Khazaei，Salman56; Khosravi，Mohammad Hossein120; Khubchandani，Jagdish537; Kiadaliri，Ali538; Kim，Yun Jin539; Kimokoti，Ruth W.540; Kisa，Adnan541,542; Kisa，Sezer543; Kissoon，Niranjan544; Shivakumar，K. M.357,546; Kochhar，Sonali3,547; Kolola，Tufa366; Komaki，Hamidreza57,548; Kosen，Soewarta549; Koul，Parvaiz A.550; Koyanagi，Ai551,552; Kraemer，Moritz U.G.244,273; Krishan，Kewal553; Kugbey，Nuworza207,213; Kumar，G. Anil334; Kumar，Manasi517; Kumar，Pushpendra370; Kumar，Vivek245; Kusuma，Dian253,554; La Vecchia，Carlo329; Lacey，Ben272,555; Lad，Sheetal D.556; Lal，Dharmesh Kumar334; Lam，Felix557; Lami，Faris Hasan558; Lamichhane，Prabhat559; Lansingh，Van Charles560,561; Lasrado，Savita562; Laxmaiah，Avula563; Lee，Paul H.169; LeGrand，Kate E.1; Leili，Mostafa55; Lenjebo，Tsegaye Lolaso200; Leshargie，Cheru Tesema564; Levine，Aubrey J.1; Li，Shanshan320; Linn，Shai565; Liu，Shiwei566; Liu，Simin567; Lodha，Rakesh222; Longbottom，Joshua568; Lopez，Jaifred Christian F.157,569; Magdy Abd El Razek，Hassan570; Magdy Abd El Razek，Muhammed571; Mahadeshwara Prasad，572,573; Mahasha，Phetole Walter63; Mahotra，Narayan B.574; Majeed，Azeem251; Malekzadeh，Reza9,259; Malta，Deborah Carvalho44; Mamun，Abdullah A.469; Manafi，Navid121,575; Manda，Ana Laura163,576; Manohar，Narendar Dawani Dawanu380; Mansournia，Mohammad Ali16; Mapoma，Chabila Christopher577; Maravilla，Joemer C.578; Martinez，Gabriel579; Martini，Santi467,580; Martins-Melo，Francisco Rogerlândio581; Masaka，Anthony582; Massenburg，Benjamin Ballard4; Mathur，Manu Raj332,583; Mayala，Benjamin K.1,584; Mazidi，Mohsen585; McAlinden，Colm588; Meharie，Birhanu Geta261; Mehndiratta，Man Mohan589,590; Mehta，Kala M.591; Mekonnen，Tefera Chane262; Meles，Gebrekiros Gebremichael72; Memiah，Peter T.N.592; Memish，Ziad A.594,595; Mendoza，Walter596; Menezes，Ritesh G.104; Mereta，Seid Tiku87; Meretoja，Tuomo J.597,598; Mestrovic，Tomislav599,600; Miazgowski，Bartosz601; Mihretie，Kebadnew Mulatu400; Miller，Ted R.205,602; Mini，G. K.603,604; Mirrakhimov，Erkin M.605,606; Moazen，Babak241,607; Mohajer，Bahram10,11; Mohamadi-Bolbanabad，Amjad608; Mohammad，Dara K.413,610; Mohammad，Karzan Abdulmuhsin112,611; Mohammad，Yousef149; Mohammad Gholi Mezerji，Naser58; Mohammadibakhsh，Roghayeh59; Mohammadifard，Noushin34; Mohammed，Jemal Abdu612; Mohammed，Shafiu241,614; Mohebi，Farnam11,19; Mokdad，Ali H.1,2; Molokhia，Mariam586; Monasta，Lorenzo702; Moodley，Yoshan616; Moore，Catrin E.274; Moradi，Ghobad608,609; Moradi，Masoud132; Moradi-Joo，Mohammad617; Moradi-Lakeh，Maziar116; Moraga，Paula477; Morales，Linda108; Moreno Velásquez，Ilais302; Mosapour，Abbas183,618; Mouodi，Simin182; Mousavi，Seyyed Meysam20; Mozaffor，Miliva619,620; Muchie，Kindie Fentahun400; Mulaw，Getahun Fentaw361; Munro，Sandra B.1; Muriithi，Moses K.518; Murray，Christoper J.L.1,2; Murthy，G. V.S.621; Musa，Kamarul Imran622; Mustafa，Ghulam623,624; Muthupandian，Saravanan78; Nabhan，Ashraf F.173,625; Naderi，Mehdi135; Nagarajan，Ahamarshan Jayaraman626,627; Naidoo，Kovin S.214,289; Naik，Gurudatta628; Najafi，Farid132,136; Nangia，Vinay631; Nansseu，Jobert Richie632,633; Nascimento，Bruno Ramos45,46; Nazari，Javad145; Ndwandwe，Duduzile Edith62; Negoi，Ionut163,634; Netsere，Henok Biresaw95,635; Ngunjiri，Josephine W.636,637; Nguyen，Cuong Tat335; Nguyen，Huong Lan Thi335; Nguyen，Trang Huyen479; Nigatu，Dabere401; Nigatu，Solomon Gedlu93; Ningrum，Dina Nur Anggraini491; Nnaji，Chukwudi A.64,521; Nojomi，Marzieh116,122; Nong，Vuong Minh335; Norheim，Ole F.246,638; Noubiap，Jean Jacques439; Nouraei Motlagh，Soraya268; Oancea，Bogdan639; Ogah，Okechukwu Samuel377,640; Ogbo，Felix Akpojene381; Oh，In Hwan641; Olagunju，Andrew T.216,642; Olagunju，Tinuke O.643; Olusanya，Bolajoko Olubukunola645; Olusanya，Jacob Olusegun645; Onwujekwe，Obinna E.646; Oren，Eyal6,648; Ortega-Altamirano，Doris V.110; Osarenotor，Osayomwanbo649; Osei，Frank B.650,651; Owolabi，Mayowa O.67,377; P A，Mahesh652; Padubidri，Jagadish Rao653; Pakhale，Smita656; Patel，Sangram Kishor657,658; Paternina-Caicedo，Angel J.659; Pathak，Ashish414,660; Patton，George C.661,663; Paudel，Deepak664,665; Paulos，Kebreab201; Pepito，Veincent Christian Filipino666; Pereira，Alexandre247,445; Perico，Norberto667; Pervaiz，Aslam668; Pescarini，Julia Moreira669; Piroozi，Bakhtiar608; Pirsaheb，Meghdad132; Postma，Maarten J.670,671; Pourjafar，Hadi194,672; Pourmalek，Farshad545; Pourshams，Akram9; Poustchi，Hossein9; Prada，Sergio I.674,675; Prasad，Narayan676; Preotescu，Liliana164,677; Quintana，Hedley302; Rabiee，Navid678; Radfar，Amir418,679; Rafiei，Alireza342,343; Rahim，Fakher21,524; Rahimi-Movaghar，Afarin22; Rahimi-Movaghar，Vafa23; Rahman，Mohammad Hifz Ur203,680; Rahman，Muhammad Aziz681; Rahman，Shafiur682,683; Rajati，Fatemeh132; Rana，Saleem Muhammad685,686; Ranabhat，Chhabi Lal687,688; Rasella，Davide386,387; Rawaf，David Laith254,689; Rawaf，Salman251,690; Rawal，Lal691; Rawasia，Wasiq Faraz692; Renjith，Vishnu693; Renzaho，Andre M.N.694,695; Resnikoff，Serge289,696; Reta，Melese Abate362,697; Rezaei，Negar8,11; Rezai，Mohammad Sadegh344; Riahi，Seyed Mohammad459,698; Ribeiro，Ana Isabel314; Rickard，Jennifer699,700; Rios-Blancas，Maria109; Roever，Leonardo701; Ronfani，Luca702; Roro，Elias Merdassa349,430; Ross，Jennifer M.1,3,5; Rubagotti，Enrico703,704; Rubino，Salvatore705; Saad，Anas M.426; Sabde，Yogesh Damodar706; Sabour，Siamak459; Sadeghi，Ehsan132; Safari，Yahya132; Safari-Faramani，Roya137; Sagar，Rajesh223; Sahebkar，Amirhossein707,708; Sahraian，Mohammad Ali10; Sajadi，S. Mohammad709,710; Salahshoor，Mohammad Reza138; Salam，Nasir711; Salamati，Payman23; Salem，Hosni32; Salem，Marwa Rashad712; Salimi，Yahya136,139; Salimzadeh，Hamideh9; Samy，Abdallah M.174; Sanabria，Juan331,713; Santric-Milicevic，Milena M.238,240; Sao Jose，Bruno Piassi47; Saraswathy，Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer714,715; Sarkar，Kaushik358,716; Sarker，Abdur Razzaque717; Sarrafzadegan，Nizal34,545; Sartorius，Benn2,51; Sathian，Brijesh718,719; Sathish，Thirunavukkarasu644; Sawhney，Monika720; Saxena，Sonia250; Schwebel，David C.629; Senbeta，Anbissa Muleta721; Senthilkumaran，Subramanian722; Sepanlou，Sadaf G.9,259; Serván-Mori，Edson109; Shabaninejad，Hosein123,723; Shafieesabet，Azadeh724,725; Shaikh，Masood Ali726; Shalash，Ali S.172; Shallo，Seifadin Ahmed366; Shams-Beyranvand，Mehran673; Shamsi，Mohammad Bagher140; Shamsizadeh，Morteza727; Shannawaz，Mohammed728; Sharafi，Kiomars132; Sharifi，Hamid729; Shehata，Hatem Samir27; Sheikh，Aziz248,730; Shetty，B. Suresh Kumar654,733; Shibuya，Kenji587; Shiferaw，Wondimeneh Shibabaw208; Shifti，Desalegn Markos365; Shigematsu，Mika734; Shin，Jae Il278,735; Shiri，Rahman736; Shirkoohi，Reza24,25; Siabani，Soraya141,737; Siddiqi，Tariq Jamal533; Silva，Diego Augusto Santos738; Singh，Ambrish170,739; Singh，Jasvinder A.630,740; Singh，Narinder Pal741; Singh，Virendra742; Sisay，Malede Mequanent93,743; Skiadaresi，Eirini744; Sobhiyeh，Mohammad Reza142; Sokhan，Anton745; Soltani，Shahin132; Somayaji，Ranjani5,746; Soofi，Moslem139; Sorrie，Muluken Bekele275; Soyiri，Ireneous N.731,747; Sreeramareddy，Chandrashekhar T.748; Sudaryanto，Agus749,750; Sufiyan，Mu’awiyyah Babale615; Suleria，Hafiz Ansar Rasul662; Sultana，Marufa91,751; Sunguya，Bruno Fokas752; Sykes，Bryan L.753; Tabarés-Seisdedos，Rafael754,755; Tabuchi，Takahiro756; Tadesse，Degena Bahrey186,757; Tarigan，Ingan Ukur758; Tasew，Aberash Abay75,721; Tefera，Yonatal Mesfin263,440; Tekle，Merhawi Gebremedhin228; Temsah，Mohamad Hani148,594; Tesfay，Berhe Etsay434,475; Tesfay，Fisaha Haile72; Tessema，Belay96; Tessema，Zemenu Tadesse93; Thankappan，Kavumpurathu Raman759; Thomas，Nihal324; Toma，Alemayehu384; Topor-Madry，Roman760,761; Tovani-Palone，Marcos Roberto762,763; Traini，Eugenio513; Tran，Bach Xuan764; Tran，Khanh Bao765,766; Ullah，Irfan767,768; Unnikrishnan，Bhaskaran655; Usman，Muhammad Shariq532; Uzochukwu，Benjamin S.Chudi647; Valdez，Pascual R.308,769; Varughese，Santosh325; Violante，Francesco S.770,771; Vollmer，Sebastian246,772; Whawariat，Feleke Gebremeskel275; Waheed，Yasir773; Wallin，Mitchell Taylor593,774; Wang，Yafeng775; Wang，Yuan Pang446; Weaver，Marcia1,2; Weji，Bedilu Girma364; Weldesamuel，Girmay Teklay186; Welgan，Catherine A.1; Werdecker，Andrea778,780; Westerman，Ronny779; Wiangkham，Taweewat781; Wiysonge，Charles Shey64,521; Wolde，Haileab Fekadu93; Wondafrash，Dawit Zewdu79,352; Wonde，Tewodros Eshete41; Worku，Getasew Taddesse276,782; Wu，Ai Min783; Xu，Gelin784; Yadollahpour，Ali525; Yahyazadeh Jabbari，Seyed Hossein785; Yamada，Tomohide684; Yatsuya，Hiroshi786,787; Yeshaneh，Alex402; Yilgwan，Christopher Sabo788,789; Yilma，Mekdes Tigistu431; Yip，Paul790,791; Yisma，Engida353; Yonemoto，Naohiro792,793; Yoon，Seok Jun794; Younis，Mustafa Z.795,796; Yousefifard，Mahmoud124; Yousof，Hebat Allah Salah A.31; Yu，Chuanhua775,776; Yusefzadeh，Hasan797; Zadey，Siddhesh500; Zaidi，Zoubida798; Zaman，Sojib Bin92,321; Zamani，Mohammad184; Zandian，Hamed408,409; Zepro，Nejimu Biza613,799; Zerfu，Taddese Alemu732,800; Zhang，Yunquan801,802; Zhao，Xiu Ju George777,803; Ziapour，Arash141; Zodpey，Sanjay333; Zuniga，Yves Miel H.804; Hay，Simon I.1,2; Reiner，Robert C.1,2

2020-08-01

10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30230-8

The Lancet Global Health   影响因子和分区

2214-109X

Background: Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage of ORS, RHF, and ORT (use of either ORS or RHF) in LMICs. Methods: We used a Bayesian geostatistical model including 15 spatial covariates and data from 385 household surveys across 94 LMICs to estimate annual proportions of children younger than 5 years of age with diarrhoea who received ORS or RHF (or both) on continuous continent-wide surfaces in 2000–17, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. Additionally, we analysed geographical inequality in coverage across administrative units and estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths averted by increased coverage over the study period. Uncertainty in the mean coverage estimates was calculated by taking 250 draws from the posterior joint distribution of the model and creating uncertainty intervals (UIs) with the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of those 250 draws. Findings: While ORS use among children with diarrhoea increased in some countries from 2000 to 2017, coverage remained below 50% in the majority (62·6%; 12 417 of 19 823) of second administrative-level units and an estimated 6 519 000 children (95% UI 5 254 000–7 733 000) with diarrhoea were not treated with any form of ORT in 2017. Increases in ORS use corresponded with declines in RHF in many locations, resulting in relatively constant overall ORT coverage from 2000 to 2017. Although ORS was uniformly distributed subnationally in some countries, within-country geographical inequalities persisted in others; 11 countries had at least a 50% difference in one of their units compared with the country mean. Increases in ORS use over time were correlated with declines in RHF use and in diarrhoeal mortality in many locations, and an estimated 52 230 diarrhoeal deaths (36 910–68 860) were averted by scaling up of ORS coverage between 2000 and 2017. Finally, we identified key subnational areas in Colombia, Nigeria, and Sudan as examples of where diarrhoeal mortality remains higher than average, while ORS coverage remains lower than average. Interpretation: To our knowledge, this study is the first to produce and map subnational estimates of ORS, RHF, and ORT coverage and attributable child diarrhoeal deaths across LMICs from 2000 to 2017, allowing for tracking progress over time. Our novel results, combined with detailed subnational estimates of diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality, can support subnational needs assessments aimed at furthering policy makers' understanding of within-country disparities. Over 50 years after the discovery that led to this simple, cheap, and life-saving therapy, large gains in reducing mortality could still be made by reducing geographical inequalities in ORS coverage. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

SCI ; SSCI

英语

其他

WOS:000563709300024

2-s2.0-85088258024

Scopus

1.Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation,University of Washington,Seattle,United States
2.Department of Health Metrics Sciences,School of Medicine,University of Washington,Seattle,United States
3.Department of Global Health,School of Medicine,University of Washington,Seattle,United States
4.Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,School of Medicine,University of Washington,Seattle,United States
5.Department of Medicine,School of Medicine,University of Washington,Seattle,United States
6.University of Washington,Seattle,United States
7.Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center,
8.Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
9.Digestive Diseases Research Institute,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
10.Multiple Sclerosis Research Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
11.Non-communicable Diseases Research Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
12.Department of Environmental Health Engineering,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
13.School of Medicine,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
14.Department of Pharmacology,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
15.Department of Microbiology,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
16.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
17.Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
18.Hematology,Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
19.National Institute of Health Research,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
20.Department of Health Policy,Management,and Economics,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
21.Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
22.Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
23.Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
24.Cancer Research Institute,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
25.Cancer Biology Research Center,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
26.Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
27.Department of Neurology,Cairo University,Cairo,Egypt
28.Neurophysiology Department,Cairo University,Cairo,Egypt
29.Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroentrology Department,Cairo University,Cairo,Egypt
30.National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute,Cairo University,Cairo,Egypt
31.Department of Medical Parasitology,Cairo University,Cairo,Egypt
32.Urology Department,Cairo University,Cairo,Egypt
33.Neuroscience Research Center,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,Isfahan,Iran
34.Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,Isfahan,Iran
35.Department of Biostatistics,Near East University,Nicosia,Cyprus
36.Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics,Madda Walabu University,Bale Robe,Ethiopia
37.Department of Public Health,Madda Walabu University,Bale Robe,Ethiopia
38.Department of Medical Laboratory Science,Madda Walabu University,Bale Robe,Ethiopia
39.Department of Nursing,Debre Markos University,Debre Markos,Ethiopia
40.College of Health Sciences,Debre Markos University,Debre Markos,Ethiopia
41.Department of Public Health,Debre Markos University,Debre Markos,Ethiopia
42.Debre Markos University,Debre Markos,Ethiopia
43.Department of Pediatric Dentistry,Federal University of Minas Gerais,Belo Horizonte,Brazil
44.Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health,Federal University of Minas Gerais,Belo Horizonte,Brazil
45.Department of Clinical Medicine,Federal University of Minas Gerais,Belo Horizonte,Brazil
46.Clinical Hospital,Federal University of Minas Gerais,Belo Horizonte,Brazil
47.Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine,Federal University of Minas Gerais,Belo Horizonte,Brazil
48.Department of Research,Philippine Institute for Development Studies,Quezon City,Philippines
49.Department of Disease Control,London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine,London,United Kingdom
50.Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology,London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine,London,United Kingdom
51.Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases,London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine,London,United Kingdom
52.Clinical Research and Operations,Foundation for Scientific Research,Cotonou,Benin
53.Department of Preventive Medicine,Dongguk University,Gyeongju,South Korea
54.Department of Community Medicine,Kathmandu University,Devdaha,Nepal
55.Department of Environmental Health Engineering,Hamadan University of Medical Sciences,Hamadan,Iran
56.Department of Epidemiology,Hamadan University of Medical Sciences,Hamadan,Iran
57.Neurophysiology Research Center,Hamadan University of Medical Sciences,Hamadan,Iran
58.Department of Biostatistics,Hamadan University of Medical Sciences,Hamadan,Iran
59.Hamadan University of Medical Sciences,Hamadan,Iran
60.Department of Global Health,Stellenbosch University,Cape Town,South Africa
61.Centre for Evidence Based Health Care,Stellenbosch University,Cape Town,South Africa
62.Cochrane South Africa,Cape Town,South Africa
63.Grants,Innovation and Product Development Unit,Cape Town,South Africa
64.South African Medical Research Council,Cape Town,South Africa
65.College of Medicine,University College Hospital,Ibadan,Ibadan,Nigeria
66.Department of Community Medicine,University College Hospital,Ibadan,Ibadan,Nigeria
67.Department of Medicine,University College Hospital,Ibadan,Ibadan,Nigeria
68.Department of Medical Rehabilitation,Obafemi Awolowo University,Ile-Ife,Nigeria
69.Department of Child Dental Health,Obafemi Awolowo University,Ile-Ife,Nigeria
70.School of Medicine,Cardiff University,Cardiff,United Kingdom
71.Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis,Stellenbosch University,Stellenbosch,South Africa
72.School of Public Health,Mekelle University,Mekelle,Ethiopia
73.Department of Nursing,Mekelle University,Mekelle,Ethiopia
74.Department of Epidemiology,Mekelle University,Mekelle,Ethiopia
75.Department of Biostatistics,Mekelle University,Mekelle,Ethiopia
76.Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology,Mekelle University,Mekelle,Ethiopia
77.Department of Nutrition and Dietetics,Mekelle University,Mekelle,Ethiopia
78.Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Mekelle University,Mekelle,Ethiopia
79.Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,Mekelle University,Mekelle,Ethiopia
80.Department of Dermatology,Mayo Clinic,Rochester,United States
81.Faculty of Pharmacy,Mahsa University,Kuala Langat,Malaysia
82.Lincoln Medical School,Universities of Nottingham & Lincoln,Lincoln,United Kingdom
83.Economics and Rural Development Department,University of Gezira,Wad Madani,Sudan
84.Department of Epidemiology,Jimma University,Jimma,Ethiopia
85.Department of Psychiatry,Jimma University,Jimma,Ethiopia
86.School of Nursing,Jimma University,Jimma,Ethiopia
87.Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology,Jimma University,Jimma,Ethiopia
88.Australian Center for Precision Health,University of South Australia,Adelaide,Australia
89.James P Grant School of Public Health,BRAC University,Dhaka,Bangladesh
90.Health Systems and Population Studies Division,International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh,Dhaka,Bangladesh
91.Nutrition and Clinical Services Division,International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh,Dhaka,Bangladesh
92.Maternal and Child Health Division,International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh,Dhaka,Bangladesh
93.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,Bangladesh,Dhaka,Bangladesh
94.Institute of Public Health,University of Gondar,Gondar,Ethiopia
95.School of Nursing,University of Gondar,Gondar,Ethiopia
96.Department of Medical Microbiology,University of Gondar,Gondar,Ethiopia
97.Mayo Evidence-Based Practice Center,Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research,Rochester,United States
98.John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine,Washington University in St. Louis,St. Louis,United States
99.Clinical Epidemiology Center,Department of Veterans Affairs,St Louis,United States
100.Prevention Division,Queensland Health,Brisbane,Australia
101.Centre for Environment and Population Health,Griffith University,Nathan,Australia
102.Community Health and Epidemiology,Dalhousie University,Halifax,Canada
103.Health Information Management and Technology Department,Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University,Dammam,Saudi Arabia
104.Forensic Medicine Division,Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University,Dammam,Saudi Arabia
105.Center for Health System Research,National Institute of Public Health,Cuernavaca,Mexico
106.Health and Nutrition Research Center,National Institute of Public Health,Cuernavaca,Mexico
107.Center for Nutrition and Health Research,National Institute of Public Health,Cuernavaca,Mexico
108.Center for Population Health Research,National Institute of Public Health,Cuernavaca,Mexico
109.Center for Health Systems Research,National Institute of Public Health,Cuernavaca,Mexico
110.Health Systems Research Center,National Institute of Public Health,Cuernavaca,Mexico
111.Erbil Technical Health College,Erbil Polytechnic University,Erbil,Iraq
112.School of Pharmacy,Tishk International University,Erbil,Iraq
113.Social Determinants of Health Research Center,Qazvin University of Medical Sciences,Qazvin,Iran
114.Health Management and Economics Research Center,Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
115.Health Economics Department,Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
116.Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center,Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
117.Student Research Committee,Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
118.Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center,Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
119.Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center,Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
120.Department of Neurosurgery,Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
121.Department of Ophthalmology,Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
122.Department of Community and Family Medicine,Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
123.Department of Health Services Management,Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
124.Physiology Research Center,Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
125.Department of Health Policy and Management,Kuwait University,Safat,Kuwait
126.International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding,National University of Malaysia,Bandar Tun Razak,Malaysia
127.Department of Environmental Health Engineering,Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,Kermanshah,Iran
128.Infectious Disease Research Center,Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,Kermanshah,Iran
129.Pediatric Department,Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,Kermanshah,Iran
130.Medical Biology Research Center,Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,Kermanshah,Iran
131.Health Institute,Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,Kermanshah,Iran
132.Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center,Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,Kermanshah,Iran
133.Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health,Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,Kermanshah,Iran
134.Department of Public Health,Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,Kermanshah,Iran
135.Clinical Research Development Center,Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,Kermanshah,Iran
136.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,Kermanshah,Iran
137.Faculty of Public Health,Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,Kermanshah,Iran
138.Department of Anatomical Sciences,Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,Kermanshah,Iran
139.Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center,Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,Kermanshah,Iran
140.Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation,Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,Kermanshah,Iran
141.Department of Health Education and Health Promotion,Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,Kermanshah,Iran
142.Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery,Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,Kermanshah,Iran
143.Department of Epidemiology,Arak University of Medical Sciences,Arak,Iran
144.Health Services Management Department,Arak University of Medical Sciences,Arak,Iran
145.Department of Pediatrics,Arak University of Medical Sciences,Arak,Iran
146.Medical Research Center,Jazan University,Jazan,Saudi Arabia
147.Department of Parasitology,Sana’a University,Sana’a,Yemen
148.Pediatric Intensive Care Unit,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
149.Internal Medicine Department,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
150.Research Group in Health Economics,University of Cartagena,Cartagena,Colombia
151.Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies,University of the Coast,Barranquilla,Colombia
152.Department of Economic Sciences,University of the Coast,Barranquilla,Colombia
153.National Health Observatory,National Institute of Health,Bogota,Colombia
154.Colombian National Health Observatory,National Institute of Health,Bogota,Colombia
155.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,University of the Philippines Manila,Manila,Philippines
156.Department of Health Policy and Administration,University of the Philippines Manila,Manila,Philippines
157.Department of Nutrition,University of the Philippines Manila,Manila,Philippines
158.School of Public Health,Johns Hopkins University,Baltimore,United States
159.Department of Epidemiology,Johns Hopkins University,Baltimore,United States
160.Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences,Johns Hopkins University,Baltimore,United States
161.Center for Clinical Global Health Education,Johns Hopkins University,Baltimore,United States
162.Cardiology Department,Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy,Bucharest,Romania
163.Department of General Surgery,Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy,Bucharest,Romania
164.Department of Infectious Diseases,Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy,Bucharest,Romania
165.Social Determinants of Health Research Center,Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences,Rafsanjan,Iran
166.School of Nursing and Midwifery,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences,Tabriz,Iran
167.Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute,Agricultural Research,Education,and Extension Organization,Tehran,Iran
168.Department of Applied Social Sciences,Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Hong Kong,Hong Kong
169.School of Nursing,Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Hong Kong,Hong Kong
170.Menzies Institute for Medical Research,University of Tasmania,Hobart,Australia
171.Agribusiness Study Program,Sebelas Maret University,Surakarta,Indonesia
172.Neurology Department,Ain Shams University,Cairo,Egypt
173.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Ain Shams University,Cairo,Egypt
174.Department of Entomology,Ain Shams University,Cairo,Egypt
175.Department of Public Health,Birmingham City University,Birmingham,United Kingdom
176.Social Determinants of Health Research Center,Saveh University of Medical Sciences,Saveh,Iran
177.Social Determinants of Health Research Center,Yasuj University of Medical Sciences,Yasuj,Iran
178.School of Health Sciences,Western Sydney University,Campbelltown,Australia
179.Disciple of Child and Adolescent Health,University of Sydney,Westmead,Australia
180.Monitoring Evaluation and Operational Research Project,Abt Associates Nepal,Lalitpur,Nepal
181.School of Nursing and Midwifery,Babol University of Medical Sciences,Babol,Iran
182.Social Determinants of Health Research Center,Babol University of Medical Sciences,Babol,Iran
183.Department of Clinical Biochemistry,Babol University of Medical Sciences,Babol,Iran
184.Student Research Committee,Babol University of Medical Sciences,Babol,Iran
185.Babol University of Medical Sciences,Babol,Iran
186.Department of Nursing,Aksum University,Aksum,Ethiopia
187.School of Pharmacy,Aksum University,Aksum,Ethiopia
188.Department of Biomedical Sciences,Aksum University,Aksum,Ethiopia
189.Department of Immunology,Zanjan University of Medical Sciences,Iran
190.Department of Biology,Maragheh University of Medical Sciences,Maragheh,Iran
191.Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,Maragheh University of Medical Sciences,Maragheh,Iran
192.Department of Healthcare Management,Maragheh University of Medical Sciences,Maragheh,Iran
193.Department of Microbiology,Maragheh University of Medical Sciences,Maragheh,Iran
194.Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences,Maragheh University of Medical Sciences,Maragheh,Iran
195.Dr DY Patil Medical College,Hospital and Research Centre,Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth,Pune,India
196.School of Business,University of Leicester,Leicester,United Kingdom
197.Department of Statistics and Econometrics,Bucharest University of Economic Studies,Bucharest,Romania
198.Department of Nursing,Wolaita Sodo University,Wolaita Sodo,Ethiopia
199.Department of Dermatology,Wolaita Sodo University,Wolaita Sodo,Ethiopia
200.School of Public Health,Wolaita Sodo University,Wolaita Sodo,Ethiopia
201.Department of Midwifery,Wolaita Sodo University,Wolaita Sodo,Ethiopia
202.The Judith Lumley Centre,La Trobe University,Melbourne,Australia
203.School of Nursing and Midwifery,La Trobe University,Melbourne,Australia
204.General Office for Research and Technological Transfer,Peruvian National Institute of Health,Lima,Peru
205.School of Public Health,Curtin University,Perth,Australia
206.Department of Health Policy Planning and Management,University of Health and Allied Sciences,Ho,Ghana
207.Department of Family and Community Health,University of Health and Allied Sciences,Ho,Ghana
208.Department of Nursing,Debre Berhan University,Debre Berhan,Ethiopia
209.Global Adolescent Health Group,Burnet Institute,Melbourne,Australia
210.Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research Unit,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute,Adelaide,Australia
211.Department of Public Health Medicine,University of KwaZulu-Natal,Durban,South Africa
212.Discipline of Public Health Medicine,University of KwaZulu-Natal,Durban,South Africa
213.Department of Psychology and Health Promotion,University of KwaZulu-Natal,Durban,South Africa
214.Discipline of Optometry,University of KwaZulu-Natal,Durban,South Africa
215.Department of Community Health and Primary Care,University of Lagos,Lagos,Nigeria
216.Department of Psychiatry,University of Lagos,Lagos,Nigeria
217.Public Health Risk Sciences Division,Public Health Agency of Canada,Toronto,Canada
218.Department of Nutritional Sciences,University of Toronto,Toronto,Canada
219.Centre for Global Child Health,University of Toronto,Toronto,Canada
220.Department of Medicine,University of Toronto,Toronto,Canada
221.Centre for Community Medicine,All India Institute of Medical Sciences,New Delhi,India
222.Department of Paediatrics,All India Institute of Medical Sciences,New Delhi,India
223.Department of Psychiatry,All India Institute of Medical Sciences,New Delhi,India
224.Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology,Manipal Academy of Higher Education,Manipal,India
225.Centre for Bio Cultural Studies,Manipal Academy of Higher Education,Manipal,India
226.Manipal Academy of Higher Education,Manipal,India
227.Department of Medical Microbiology,Haramaya University,Harar,Ethiopia
228.School of Public Health,Haramaya University,Harar,Ethiopia
229.School of Pharmacy,Haramaya University,Harar,Ethiopia
230.School of Nursing and Midwifery,Haramaya University,Harar,Ethiopia
231.Department of Hypertension,Medical University of Lodz,Lodz,Poland
232.Polish Mothers’ Memorial Hospital Research Institute,Lodz,Poland
233.Department of Internal Medicine,University of London,London,United Kingdom
234.Department of General Medicine,Alexandria University,Alexandria,Egypt
235.Biomedical Informatics and Medical Statistics Department,Alexandria University,Alexandria,Egypt
236.Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department,Alexandria University,Alexandria,Egypt
237.Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases,Clinical Center of Serbia,Belgrade,Serbia
238.Faculty of Medicine,University of Belgrade,Belgrade,Serbia
239.Institute of Microbiology and Immunology,University of Belgrade,Belgrade,Serbia
240.School of Public Health and Health Management,University of Belgrade,Belgrade,Serbia
241.Heidelberg Institute of Global Health,Heidelberg University,Heidelberg,Germany
242.T.H. Chan School of Public Health,Harvard University,Boston,United States
243.Center for Primary Care,Harvard University,Boston,United States
244.Harvard Medical School,Harvard University,Boston,United States
245.Brigham and Women’s Hospital,Harvard University,Boston,United States
246.Department of Global Health and Population,Harvard University,Boston,United States
247.Department of Genetics,Harvard University,Boston,United States
248.Division of General Internal Medicine,Harvard University,Boston,United States
249.School of Public Health and Community Medicine,Aden College,Aden,Yemen
250.School of Public Health,Imperial College London,London,United Kingdom
251.Department of Primary Care and Public Health,Imperial College London,London,United Kingdom
252.Department of Surgery and Cancer,Imperial College London,London,United Kingdom
253.Imperial College Business School,Imperial College London,London,United Kingdom
254.WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training,Imperial College London,London,United Kingdom
255.Information Technology,Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology,Ho Chi Minh City,Viet Nam
256.Health Human Resources Research Center,Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,Shiraz,Iran
257.Department of Environmental Health,Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,Shiraz,Iran
258.Research Center for Health Sciences,Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,Shiraz,Iran
259.Non-communicable Disease Research Center,Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,Shiraz,Iran
260.School of Public Health,Wollo University,Dessie,Ethiopia
261.Department of Pharmacy,Wollo University,Dessie,Ethiopia
262.Department of Public Health,Wollo University,Dessie,Ethiopia
263.Department of Environmental Health,Wollo University,Dessie,Ethiopia
264.Department of Community Medicine,Gandhi Medical College Bhopal,Bhopal,India
265.Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,New York University,New York,United States
266.Social Determinants of Health Research Center,Lorestan University of Medical Sciences,Khorramabad,Iran
267.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Lorestan University of Medical Sciences,Khorramabad,Iran
268.Department of Public Health,Lorestan University of Medical Sciences,Khorramabad,Iran
269.Department of Public Health,Mizan-Tepi University,Mizan Teferi,Ethiopia
270.Doctoral School of Health Sciences,University of Debrecen,Debrecen,Hungary
271.School of the Environment,Yale University,New Haven,United States
272.Nuffield Department of Population Health,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom
273.Department of Zoology,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom
274.Big Data Institute,University of Oxford,Oxford,United Kingdom
275.Department of Public Health,Arba Minch University,Arba Minch,Ethiopia
276.Faculty of Business and Economics,Arba Minch University,Arba Minch,Ethiopia
277.Hubert Department of Global Health,Emory University,Atlanta,United States
278.Division of Cardiology,Emory University,Atlanta,United States
279.Department of Global Health,University of South Florida,Tampa,United States
280.Division of General Internal Medicine,University of Massachusetts Medical School,Springfield,United States
281.Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics,National Institute of Biomedical Genomics,Kalyani,India
282.Department of Statistics,University of Calcutta,Kolkata,India
283.Department of Global Health,Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies,Kathmandu,Nepal
284.Injury Division,New Delhi,India
285.The George Institute for Global Health,New Delhi,India
286.The George Institute for Global Health,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia
287.Transport and Road Safety Research Centre,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia
288.School of Public Health and Community Medicine,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia
289.School of Optometry and Vision Science,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia
290.Centre of Excellence in Women & Child Health,Aga Khan University,Karachi,Pakistan
291.Division of Women and Child Health,Aga Khan University,Karachi,Pakistan
292.Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research,Ranica,Italy
293.Ethiopian Public Health Institute,Addis Ababa,Ethiopia
294.Department of Nursing,Debre Tabor University,Debretabor,Ethiopia
295.School of Health Sciences,Swinburne University of Technology,Melbourne,Australia
296.Department of Veterinary Medicine,Islamic Azad University,Kermanshah,Iran
297.University of Genoa,Genoa,Italy
298.Department of Biomedical Technologies,Bauman Moscow State Technical University,Moscow,Russian Federation
299.Department of Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University,Moscow,Russian Federation
300.N A Semashko Department of Public Health and Healthcare,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University,Moscow,Russian Federation
301.Neuroscience Unit,Institute for Scientific Research and High Technology Services,Panama City,Panama
302.Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies,Panama City,Panama
303.Department of Community Medicine,Employee State Insurance Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research,Bangalore,India
304.Department of Health Care Management,Technical University of Berlin,Berlin,Germany
305.School of Public Health and Health Systems,University of Waterloo,Waterloo,Canada
306.Al Shifa School of Public Health,Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital,Rawalpindi,Pakistan
307.Internal Medicine Department,Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires,Buenos Aires,Argentina
308.Board of Directors,Argentine Society of Medicine,Buenos Aires,Argentina
309.Centre for Population Health Sciences,Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,Singapore
310.Department of Health Care,Metropolitan Autonomous University,Mexico City,Mexico
311.Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences,University of Porto,Porto,Portugal
312.Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry,University of Porto,Porto,Portugal
313.Department of Chemistry,University of Porto,Porto,Portugal
314.EPIUnit-Public Health Institute University Porto,University of Porto,Porto,Portugal
315.Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group,National University of Colombia,Bogota,Colombia
316.Department of Public Health,National University of Colombia,Bogota,Colombia
317.Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases,New Delhi,India
318.Indian Council of Medical Research,New Delhi,India
319.Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,Monash University,Melbourne,Australia
320.School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine,Monash University,Melbourne,Australia
321.The School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health,Monash University,Melbourne,Australia
322.Melbourne Medical School,University of Melbourne,Parkville,Australia
323.Department of Pulmonary Medicine,Christian Medical College and Hospital,Vellore,India
324.Department of Endocrinology,Diabetes and Metabolism,Christian Medical College and Hospital,Vellore,India
325.Department of Nephrology,Christian Medical College and Hospital,Vellore,India
326.Faculty of Biology,Hanoi National University of Education,Hanoi,Viet Nam
327.Research Unit and Training Consortium on Emerging Diseases and Climate Change,Peruvian University Cayetano Heredia,Lima,Peru
328.Clinical Dermatology,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi,University of Milan,Milan,Italy
329.Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health,University of Milan,Milan,Italy
330.Department of Dermatology,Case Western Reserve University,Cleveland,United States
331.Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine,Case Western Reserve University,Cleveland,United States
332.Health Policy Research,Gurugram,India
333.Indian Institute of Public Health,Gurugram,India
334.Public Health Foundation of India,Gurugram,India
335.Institute for Global Health Innovations,Duy Tan University,Da Nang,Viet Nam
336.Institute of Research and Development,Duy Tan University,Da Nang,Viet Nam
337.Department of Information Technology,University of Human Development,Sulaymaniyah,Iraq
338.Department of Computer Science,University of Human Development,Sulaymaniyah,Iraq
339.Department of Pediatrics,Tanta University,Tanta,Egypt
340.Toxoplasmosis Research Center,Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences,Sari,Iran
341.Department of Medical Parasitology,Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences,Sari,Iran
342.Department of Immunology,Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences,Sari,Iran
343.Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center,Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences,Sari,Iran
344.Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center,Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences,Sari,Iran
345.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,University of South Carolina,Columbia,United States
346.Central University Tami Nadu,Thiruvarur,India
347.Department of Global Health and Infection,Brighton and Sussex Medical School,Brighton,United Kingdom
348.Wellcome Trust Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research,Brighton and Sussex Medical School,Brighton,United Kingdom
349.School of Public Health,Addis Ababa University,Addis Ababa,Ethiopia
350.Center for Food Science and Nutrition,Addis Ababa University,Addis Ababa,Ethiopia
351.Department of Nursing and Midwifery,Addis Ababa University,Addis Ababa,Ethiopia
352.Department of Pharmacology,Addis Ababa University,Addis Ababa,Ethiopia
353.School of Allied Health Sciences,Addis Ababa University,Addis Ababa,Ethiopia
354.Addis Ababa University,Addis Ababa,Ethiopia
355.Department of Population and Development,Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences Mexico,Mexico City,Mexico
356.Ear Institute,University College London,London,United Kingdom
357.Division of Psychology and Language Sciences,University College London,London,United Kingdom
358.Institute of Child Health,University College London,London,United Kingdom
359.Department of Surgery,Clinical Emergency Hospital Sf. Pantelimon,Bucharest,Romania
360.Department of Nursing,Woldia University,Woldia,Ethiopia
361.Department of Public Health,Woldia University,Woldia,Ethiopia
362.Department of Medical Laboratory Science,Woldia University,Woldia,Ethiopia
363.Neonatal Nursing Department,St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College,Addis Ababa,Ethiopia
364.Anesthesia Department,St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College,Addis Ababa,Ethiopia
365.St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College,Addis Ababa,Ethiopia
366.Department of Public Health,Ambo University,Ambo,Ethiopia
367.Department of Community Medicine,University of Peradeniya,Peradeniya,Sri Lanka
368.Department of Mathematical Demography & Statistics,International Institute for Population Sciences,Mumbai,India
369.Department of Population Studies,International Institute for Population Sciences,Mumbai,India
370.International Institute for Population Sciences,Mumbai,India
371.Health Research Section,Nepal Health Research Council,Kathmandu,Nepal
372.Department of Microbiology,Far Western University,Mahendranagar,Nepal
373.Center of Complexity Sciences,National Autonomous University of Mexico,Mexico City,Mexico
374.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics,Autonomous University of Sinaloa,Culiacan Rosales,Mexico
375.Department of Health Promotion and Education,University of Ibadan,Ibadan,Nigeria
376.Department of Community Medicine,University of Ibadan,Ibadan,Nigeria
377.Department of Medicine,University of Ibadan,Ibadan,Nigeria
378.Development of Research and Technology Center,Ministry of Health and Medical Education,Tehran,Iran
379.School of Medicine,Western Sydney University,Sydney,Australia
380.School of Health Sciences,Western Sydney University,Sydney,Australia
381.Translational Health Research Institute,Western Sydney University,Sydney,Australia
382.Health Sciences,Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University,Melbourne,Australia
383.School of Public Health,Hawassa University,Hawassa,Ethiopia
384.Department of Pharmacy,Hawassa University,Hawassa,Ethiopia
385.School of Medicine,Federal University of Bahia,Salvador,Brazil
386.Institute of Collective Health,Federal University of Bahia,Salvador,Brazil
387.Institute of Public Health,Federal University of Bahia,Salvador,Brazil
388.Department of Internal Medicine,Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health,Salvador,Brazil
389.Department of Epidemiology,Florida International University,Miami,United States
390.School of Health Sciences,Universiti Sains Malaysia,Kubang Kerian, Kelantan,Malaysia
391.Centre Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,University of Newcastle,Newcastle,Australia
392.School of Medicine and Public Health,University of Newcastle,Newcastle,Australia
393.Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin,Lublin,Poland
394.Department of Clinical Pathology,Mansoura University,Mansoura,Egypt
395.Department of Food Science and Nutrition,Arsi University,Asella,Ethiopia
396.Department of Community Medicine,Tripoli University,Tripoli,Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
397.Health Information,WHO,Tripoli,Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
398.Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit,Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology,Jakarta,Indonesia
399.Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing,Bahir Dar University,Bahir Dar,Ethiopia
400.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Bahir Dar University,Bahir Dar,Ethiopia
401.Department of Reproductive Health and Population Studies,Bahir Dar University,Bahir Dar,Ethiopia
402.Department of Midwifery,Wolkite University,Wolkite,Ethiopia
403.Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,National Cancer Institute,Bethesda,United States
404.
405.International Institute for Tropical Agriculture,Ibadan,Nigeria
406.College of Medicine,Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
407.Department of Environmental Health Engineering,Ardabil University of Medical Science,Ardabil,Iran
408.Social Determinants of Health Research Center,Ardabil University of Medical Science,Ardabil,Iran
409.Department of Community Medicine,Ardabil University of Medical Science,Ardabil,Iran
410.National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences,Auckland University of Technology,Auckland,New Zealand
411.Research Center of Neurology,Moscow,Russian Federation
412.Department of Neurobiology,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden
413.Department of Medicine-Huddinge,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden
414.Global Public Health-Health Systems and Policy: Medicines Focusing Antibiotics,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden
415.Division of Neurology,University of Ottawa,Ottawa,Canada
416.Psychiatry Department,Kaiser Permanente,Fontana,United States
417.School of Health Sciences,AT Still University,Mesa,United States
418.College of Graduate Health Sciences,AT Still University,Mesa,United States
419.Institute of Gerontological Health Services and Nursing Research,Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences,Weingarten,Germany
420.Institute of Gerontology,National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine,Kyiv,Ukraine
421.Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences,Abadan School of Medical Sciences,Abadan,Iran
422.School of Public Health,Medical,and Veterinary Sciences,James Cook University,Douglas,Australia
423.Department of Dermatology,Kobe University,Kobe,Japan
424.Gene Expression & Regulation Program,The Wistar Institute,Philadelphia,United States
425.Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,Cleveland Clinic,Cleveland,United States
426.Heart and Vascular Institute,Cleveland Clinic,Cleveland,United States
427.Gillings School of Global Public Health,University of North Carolina Chapel Hill,Chapel Hill,United States
428.Department of Nursing,Wollega University,Nekemte,Ethiopia
429.School of Nursing and Midwifery,Wollega University,Nekemte,Ethiopia
430.Department of Public Health,Wollega University,Nekemte,Ethiopia
431.Department of Public Healths,Wollega University,Nekemte,Ethiopia
432.International Trachoma Initiative,Task Force for Global Health,Decatur,United States
433.College of Medicine and Public Health,Flinders University,Adelaide,Australia
434.Southgate Institute for Health and Society,Flinders University,Adelaide,Australia
435.Population Health,New South Wales Health,Queanbeyan,Australia
436.Medical School,University of Warwick,Coventry,United Kingdom
437.Adelaide Medical School,University of Adelaide,Adelaide,Australia
438.Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health,University of Adelaide,Adelaide,Australia
439.Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders,University of Adelaide,Adelaide,Australia
440.School of Public Health,University of Adelaide,Adelaide,Australia
441.Hudson College of Public Health,University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center,Oklahoma City,United States
442.Department of Health and Social Affairs,Government of the Federated States of Micronesia,Palikir,Federated States of Micronesia
443.Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research,University of São Paulo,São Paulo,Brazil
444.Department of Internal Medicine,University of São Paulo,São Paulo,Brazil
445.Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology,University of São Paulo,São Paulo,Brazil
446.Department of Psychiatry,University of São Paulo,São Paulo,Brazil
447.Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology,Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul,Porto Alegre,Brazil
448.Department of Dermatology,Boston University,Boston,United States
449.Department of Family and Community Medicine,University of Sulaimani,Sulaimani,Iraq
450.Department of Microbiology,Saint James School of Medicine,The Valley,Anguilla
451.Department of Epidemiology,Saint James School of Medicine,The Valley,Anguilla
452.Epidemiology Unit,Agency for Health Protection,Milan,Italy
453.Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health,Federal University of Goias,Goiânia,Brazil
454.Department of Epidemiology,Binzhou Medical University,Yantai City,China
455.Department of Preventive Cardiology,Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute,Jaipur,India
456.Department of Medicine,Mahatma Gandhi University Medical Sciences,Jaipur,India
457.Obesity Research Center,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
458.Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
459.Department of Epidemiology,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
460.School of Management and Medical Education,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
461.Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
462.Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
463.Department of Family and Community Medicine,Arabian Gulf University,Manama,Bahrain
464.School of Health and Environmental Studies,Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University,Dubai,United Arab Emirates
465.Department of Public Health,Wachemo University,Hossana,Ethiopia
466.Department of Dental Public Health,Airlangga University,Surabaya,Indonesia
467.Faculty of Public Health,Airlangga University,Surabaya,Indonesia
468.Department of Zoology and Entomology,Al Azhar University,Cairo,Egypt
469.Institute for Social Science Research,The University of Queensland,Indooroopilly,Australia
470.ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course,The University of Queensland,Indooroopilly,Australia
471.
472.Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care,University Hospital Antwerp,Antwerp,Belgium
473.Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research,University of Oulu,Oulu,Finland
474.School of Business,London South Bank University,London,United Kingdom
475.Department of Public Health,Adigrat University,Adigrat,Ethiopia
476.Department for Health,University of Bath,Bath,United Kingdom
477.Department of Mathematical Sciences,University of Bath,Bath,United Kingdom
478.Population Health Domain,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute,Melbourne,Australia
479.Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine,Nguyen Tat Thanh University,Ho Chi Minh City,Viet Nam
480.Guilan Road Trauma Research Center,Guilan University of Medical Sciences,Rasht,Iran
481.Social Determinants of Health Research Center,Guilan University of Medical Sciences,Rasht,Iran
482.Department of Pharmacology,Bangladesh Industrial Gases Limited,Tangail,Bangladesh
483.Division of Information and Computing Technology,Hamad Bin Khalifa University,Doha,Qatar
484.Faculty of Medicine of Tunis,University Tunis El Manar,Tunis,Tunisia
485.Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics,Central South University,Changsha,China
486.School of Public Health,University of the Western Cape,Bellville, Cape Town,South Africa
487.Department of Public Health,Walter Sisulu University,Mthatha,South Africa
488.Department of Epidemiology,University of Kragujevac,Kragujevac,Serbia
489.Department of Global Health,Economics and Policy,University of Kragujevac,Kragujevac,Serbia
490.College of Public Health,Taipei Medical University,Taipei,Taiwan
491.Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics,Taipei Medical University,Taipei,Taiwan
492.Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition,Deakin University,Burwood,Australia
493.Sydney Medical School,University of Sydney,Sydney,Australia
494.Postgraduate Institute of Medicine,University of Colombo,Colombo,Sri Lanka
495.Faculty of Graduate Studies,Institute for Violence and Injury Prevention,Colombo,Sri Lanka
496.Department of Community Medicine,Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College & Hospital,Delhi,India
497.Department of Community Medicine,Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi,India
498.Environmental Research Center,Duke Kunshan University,Kunshan,China
499.Nicholas School of the Environment,Duke University,Durham,United States
500.Duke Global Health Institute,Duke University,Durham,United States
501.Department of Ophthalmology,Heidelberg University,Mannheim,Germany
502.Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology,Beijing Tongren Hospital,Beijing,China
503.Department of Family Medicine and Public Health,University of Opole,Opole,Poland
504.School of Public Health,University College Cork,Cork,Ireland
505.Infectious Diseases Research Center,Golestan University of Medical Sciences,Gorgan,Iran
506.Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology,All India Institute of Medical Sciences,Jodhpur,India
507.Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine,University of Münster,Münster,Germany
508.Centre for Therapeutic Target Validation,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,Cambridge,United Kingdom
509.Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases,Batiyatallah University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
510.Department of Young Investigators,Middle East Liver Disease Center,Tehran,Iran
511.International Research Center of Excellence,Institute of Human Virology Nigeria,Abuja,Nigeria
512.Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care,Utrecht University,Utrecht,Netherlands
513.Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences,Utrecht University,Utrecht,Netherlands
514.Department of Cancer Epidemiology,German Cancer Research Center,Heidelberg,Germany
515.Department of Prevention and Evaluation,Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology,Bremen,Germany
516.Open,Distance and eLearning Campus,University of Nairobi,Nairobi,Kenya
517.Department of Psychiatry,University of Nairobi,Nairobi,Kenya
518.School of Economics,University of Nairobi,Nairobi,Kenya
519.Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit,Medical Research Council South Africa,Cape Town,South Africa
520.Department of Medicine,University of Cape Town,Cape Town,South Africa
521.School of Public Health and Family Medicine,University of Cape Town,Cape Town,South Africa
522.Department of Public Health,Jordan University of Science and Technology,Irbid,Jordan
523.Social Determinants of Health Research Center,Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences,Ahvaz,Iran
524.Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center,Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences,Ahvaz,Iran
525.Medical Physics Department,Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences,Ahvaz,Iran
526.School of Food and Agricultural Sciences,University of Management and Technology,Lahore,Pakistan
527.Department of Biophysics and Molecular Biology,Baku State University,Baku,Azerbaijan
528.Institute of Radiation Problems,Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences,Baku,Azerbaijan
529.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Health Services Academy,Islamabad,Pakistan
530.Department of Population Sciences,Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University,Mymensingh,Bangladesh
531.Department of Internal Medicine,John H. Stroger,Jr. Hospital of Cook County,Chicago,United States
532.Department of Internal Medicine,Dow University of Health Sciences,Karachi,Pakistan
533.Department of Medicine,Dow University of Health Sciences,Karachi,Pakistan
534.Faculty of Health and Wellbeing,Sheffield Hallam University,Sheffield,United Kingdom
535.College of Arts and Sciences,Ohio University,Zanesville,United States
536.The Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran
537.Department of Nutrition and Health Science,Ball State University,Muncie,United States
538.Clinical Epidemiology Unit,Lund University,Lund,Sweden
539.School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Xiamen University Malaysia,Sepang,Malaysia
540.Department of Nutrition,Simmons University,Boston,United States
541.School of Health Sciences,Kristiania University College,Oslo,Norway
542.Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences,Tulane University,New Orleans,United States
543.Department of Nursing and Health Promotion,Oslo Metropolitan University,Oslo,Norway
544.Department of Pediatrics,University of British Columbia,Vancouver,Canada
545.School of Population and Public Health,University of British Columbia,Vancouver,Canada
546.Public Health Dentistry Department,Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to be University,Karad,India
547.Global Healthcare Consulting,New Delhi,India
548.Brain Engineering Research Center,Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences,Tehran,Iran
549.
550.Department of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine,Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences,Srinagar,India
551.CIBERSAM,Sant Boi de Llobregat,San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park,Spain
552.Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies,Barcelona,Spain
553.Department of Anthropology,Panjab University,Chandigarh,India
554.Faculty of Public Health,University of Indonesia,Depok,Indonesia
555.National Institute for Health Research,Oxford Biomedical Research Centre,Oxford,United Kingdom
556.Department of Pediatrics,Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research,Chandigarh,India
557.Department of Essential Medicines and Health Products,Clinton Health Access Initiative,Boston,United States
558.Department of Community and Family Medicine,University of Baghdad,Baghdad,Iraq
559.School of Medicine,Deakin University,Geelong,Australia
560.HelpMeSee,New York,United States
561.Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology,Queretaro,Mexico
562.Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Father Muller Medical College,Mangalore,India
563.National Institute of Nutrition,Indian Council of Medical Research,Hyderabad,India
564.School of Public Health,Haramaya University,Debre Markos,Ethiopia
565.School of Public Health,University of Haifa,Haifa,Israel
566.Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,China
567.Department of Epidemiology,Brown University,Providence,United States
568.Department of Vector Biology,Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine,Liverpool,United Kingdom
569.Alliance for Improving Health Outcomes,Quezon City,Philippines
570.Radiology Department,Mansoura Faculty of Medicine,Mansoura,Egypt
571.Ophthalmology Department,Ministry of Health & Population,Aswan,Egypt
572.Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology,Mysore Medical College & Research Institute,Mysooru,India
573.Department of Health & Family Welfare,Government of Karnataka,India
574.Department of Clinical Physiology,Tribhuvan University,Kathmandu,Nepal
575.Ophthalmology Department,University of Manitoba,Winnipeg,Canada
576.General Surgery Department I,Emergency University Hospital Bucharest,Bucharest,Romania
577.Department of Population Studies,University of Zambia,Lusaka,Zambia
578.Institute for Social Science Research,The University of Queensland,Brisbane,Australia
579.Department of Economics,Autonomous Technology Institute of Mexico,Mexico City,Mexico
580.Indonesian Public Health Association,Surabaya,Indonesia
581.Campus Caucaia,Federal Institute of Education,Science and Technology of Ceará,Caucaia,Brazil
582.Faculty of Health and Education,Botho University- Botswana,Gaborone,Botswana
583.Institute of Population Health Sciences,University of Liverpool,Liverpool,United Kingdom
584.ICF International,DHS Program,Rockville,United States
585.Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology,King’s College London,London,United Kingdom
586.Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine,King’s College London,London,United Kingdom
587.Institute for Population Health,King’s College London,London,United Kingdom
588.Department of Ophthalmology,Singleton Hospital,Swansea,United Kingdom
589.Neurology Department,Janakpuri Super Specialty Hospital Society,New Delhi,India
590.Department of Neurology,Govind Ballabh Institute of Medical Education and Research,New Delhi,India
591.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,University of California San Francisco,San Francisco,United States
592.Institute of Human Virology,University of Maryland,Baltimore,United States
593.School of Medicine,University of Maryland,Baltimore,United States
594.College of Medicine,Alfaisal University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
595.Research & Innovation Center,Ministry of Health,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
596.Peru Country Office,United Nations Population Fund,Lima,Peru
597.Breast Surgery Unit,Helsinki University Hospital,Helsinki,Finland
598.University of Helsinki,Helsinki,Finland
599.Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit,Dr Zora Profozic Polyclinic,Zagreb,Croatia
600.University Centre Varazdin,University North,Varazdin,Croatia
601.Center for Innovation in Medical Education,Pomeranian Medical University,Szczecin,Poland
602.Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation,Calverton,United States
603.Global Institute of Public Health,Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Institute,Trivandrum,India
604.Women’s Institute for Social and Health Studies,Women’s Social and Health Studies Foundation,Trivandrum,India
605.Internal Medicine Programme,Kyrgyz State Medical Academy,Bishkek,Kyrgyzstan
606.Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease,National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease,Bishkek,Kyrgyzstan
607.Institute of Addiction Research,Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences,Frankfurt,Germany
608.Social Determinants of Health Research Center,Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences,Sanandaj,Iran
609.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences,Sanandaj,Iran
610.Department of Forestry,Salahaddin University-Erbil,Erbil,Iraq
611.Department of Biology,Salahaddin University-Erbil,Erbil,Iraq
612.Department of Public Health,Samara University,Semera,Ethiopia
613.Department of Nursing,Samara University,Semera,Ethiopia
614.Health Systems and Policy Research Unit,Ahmadu Bello University,Zaria,Nigeria
615.Department of Community Medicine,Ahmadu Bello University,Zaria,Nigeria
616.Health and Environmental Sciences Department,Central University of Technology,Bloemfontein,South Africa
617.National Center for Health Insurance Research,Iran Health Insurance Organization,Tehran,Iran
618.Department of Clinical Biochemistry,Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran,Iran
619.Department of Biochemistry,Medical College for Women & Hospital,Dhaka,Bangladesh
620.Biomedical Research Foundation,Dhaka,Bangladesh
621.Indian Institute of Public Health,Public Health Foundation of India,Hyderabad,India
622.School of Medical Sciences,Science University of Malaysia,Kubang Kerian,Malaysia
623.Department of Pediatric Medicine,The Children’s Hospital,The Institute of Child Health,Multan,Pakistan
624.Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Pulmonology,Institute of Mother & Child Care,Multan,Pakistan
625.Knowledge Translation and Utilization,Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine,Egypt
626.Research and Analytics Department,Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development,Chennai,India
627.Department of Research and Analytics,Bioinsilico Technologies,Chennai,India
628.Comprehensive Cancer Center,University of Alabama at Birmingham,Birmingham,United States
629.Department of Psychology,University of Alabama at Birmingham,Birmingham,United States
630.School of Medicine,University of Alabama at Birmingham,Birmingham,United States
631.Suraj Eye Institute,Nagpur,India
632.Department for the Control of Disease,Epidemics,and Pandemics,Ministry of Public Health,Yaoundé,Cameroon
633.Department of Public Heath,University of Yaoundé I,Yaoundé,Cameroon
634.Department of General Surgery,Emergency Hospital of Bucharest,Bucharest,Romania
635.School of Health Sciences,Surgical Nursing,Bahir Dar University,Gondar,Ethiopia
636.Department of Biological Sciences,University of Embu,Embu,Kenya
637.Public Health Department,Universitas Negeri Semarang,Kota Semarang,Indonesia
638.Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care,University of Bergen,Bergen,Norway
639.Administrative and Economic Sciences Department,University of Bucharest,Bucharest,Romania
640.Department of Medicine,Abia State University,Uturu,Nigeria
641.Department of Preventive Medicine,Kyung Hee University,Dongdaemun-gu,South Korea
642.Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences,McMaster University,Hamilton,Canada
643.Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine,McMaster University,Hamilton,Canada
644.Population Health Research Institute,McMaster University,Hamilton,Canada
645.Centre for Healthy Start Initiative,Lagos,Nigeria
646.Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics,University of Nigeria Nsukka,Enugu,Nigeria
647.Department of Community Medicine,University of Nigeria Nsukka,Enugu,Nigeria
648.Graduate School of Public Health,San Diego State University,San Diego,United States
649.Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology,University of Benin,Benin City,Nigeria
650.Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation,University of Twente,Enschede,Netherlands
651.Department of Mathematics and Statistics,University of Energy and Natural Resources,Sunyani,Ghana
652.Department of Respiratory Medicine,Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research,Mysore,India
653.Department of Forensic Medicine,Manipal Academy of Higher Education,Mangalore,India
654.Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology,Manipal Academy of Higher Education,Mangalore,India
655.Kasturba Medical College,Manipal Academy of Higher Education,Mangalore,India
656.Department of Medicine,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute,Ottawa,Canada
657.Department of Poverty,Gender and Youth,Population Council,New Delhi,India
658.Indian Institute of Health Management Research University,Jaipur,India
659.School of Medicine,University of Sinu,Cartagena,Colombia
660.Department of Pediatrics,RD Gardi Medical College,Ujjain,India
661.Department of Pediatrics,University of Melbourne,Melbourne,Australia
662.Department of Agriculture and Food Systems,University of Melbourne,Melbourne,Australia
663.Population Health Theme,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute,Melbourne,Australia
664.Health,Nutrition,and HIV/AIDS Program,Save the Children,Kathmandu,Nepal
665.Center for International Health,Ludwig Maximilians University,Munich,Germany
666.Center for Research and Innovation,Ateneo De Manila University,Pasig City,Philippines
667.Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research,Bergamo,Italy
668.Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program,National Institute of Health Islamabad,Islamabad,Pakistan
669.Center for Integration of Data and Health Knowledge,Oswaldo Cruz Foundation,Salvador,Brazil
670.University Medical Center Groningen,University of Groningen,Groningen,Netherlands
671.School of Economics and Business,University of Groningen,Groningen,Netherlands
672.Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center,Alborz University of Medical Sciences,Karaj,Iran
673.School of Medicine,Alborz University of Medical Sciences,Karaj,Iran
674.Clinical Research Center,Fundación Valle del Lili,Cali,Colombia
675.Center for Studies in Social Protection and Health Economics,ICESI University,Cali,Colombia
676.Department of Nephrology,Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences,Lucknow,India
677.National Institute of Infectious Diseases,Bucuresti,Romania
678.Department of Chemistry,Sharif University of Technology,Tehran,Iran
679.College of Medicine,University of Central Florida,Orlando,United States
680.Department of Community Medicine,Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences & Research,Ambala,India
681.School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions,Federation University Australia,Berwick,Australia
682.Research Center for Child Mental Development,Hamamatsu University School of Medicine,Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture,Japan
683.Department of Global Health Policy,University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan
684.Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases,University of Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan
685.University Institute of Public Health,The University of Lahore,Lahore,Pakistan
686.Public Health Department,University of Health Sciences,Lahore,Pakistan
687.Research Department,Policy Research Institute,Kathmandu,Nepal
688.Health and Public Policy Department,Global Center for Research and Development,Kathmandu,Nepal
689.University College London Hospitals,London,United Kingdom
690.Academic Public Health England,Public Health England,London,United Kingdom
691.School of Health,Medical and Applied Sciences,CQ University,Sydney,Australia
692.River Region Cardiology Associates,Montgomery,United States
693.School of Nursing and Midwifery,Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain,Muharraq Governorate,Bahrain
694.School of Social Sciences and Psychology,Western Sydney University,Penrith,Australia
695.Translational Health Research Institute,Western Sydney University,Penrith,Australia
696.Brien Holden Vision Institute,Sydney,Australia
697.Department of Medical Microbiology,University of Pretoria,Pretoria,South Africa
698.Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center,Birjand University of Medical Sciences,Birjand,Iran
699.Department of Surgery,University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,United States
700.Department of Surgery,University Teaching Hospital of Kigali,Kigali,Rwanda
701.Department of Clinical Research,Federal University of Uberlândia,Uberlândia,Brazil
702.Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit,Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health,Trieste,Italy
703.Agrosavia,Palmira,Colombia
704.Department of Ocean Science and Engineering,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China
705.Department of Biomedical Sciences,University of Sassari,Sassari,Italy
706.Environmental Epidemiology and Public Health,National Institute for Research in Environmental Health,Bhopal,India
707.Halal Research Center of IRI,Food and Drug Administration of the Islamic Republic of Iran,Tehran,Iran
708.Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,Mashhad,Iran
709.Department of Phytochemistry,Soran University,Soran,Iraq
710.Department of Nutrition,Cihan University-Erbil,Kurdistan Region,Iraq
711.Department of Microbiology,Central University of Punjab,Bathinda,India
712.Public Health and Community Medicine Department,Cairo University,Giza,Egypt
713.Department of Surgery,Marshall University,Huntington,United States
714.Department of Community Medicine,PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research,Coimbatore,India
715.PSGFAIMER South Asia Regional Institute,Coimbatore,India
716.Malaria No More,Delhi,India
717.Health Economics Department,Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies,Dhaka,Bangladesh
718.Department of Geriatrics and Long Term Care,Hamad Medical Corporation,Doha,Qatar
719.Faculty of Health & Social Sciences,Bournemouth University,Bournemouth,United Kingdom
720.Department of Public Health Sciences,University of North Carolina at Charlotte,Charlotte,United States
721.Department of Food Science and Nutrition,Jigjiga University,Jigjiga,Ethiopia
722.Emergency Department,Manian Medical Centre,Erode,India
723.Population Health Sciences Institute,Newcastle University,Newcastle Upon Tyne,United Kingdom
724.Department of Cardiology,Charité Medical University Berlin,Berlin,Germany
725.Center for Stroke Research Berlin,Berlin,Germany
726.
727.Faculty of Caring Science,Work Life,and Social Welfare,University of Boras,Borås,Sweden
728.Department of Community Medicine,BLDE University,Vijayapur,India
729.HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center,WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance,Kerman University of Medical Sciences,Kerman,Iran
730.Centre for Medical Informatics,University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh,United Kingdom
731.Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics,University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh,United Kingdom
732.Public Health Department,University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh,United Kingdom
733.Department of Forensic Medicine,Yenepoya University,Mangalore,India
734.National Institute of Infectious Diseases,Tokyo,Japan
735.College of Medicine,Yonsei University,Seoul,South Korea
736.Finnish Institute of Occupational Health,Helsinki,Finland
737.School of Health,University of Technology Sydney,Sydney,Australia
738.Department of Physical Education,Federal University of Santa Catarina,Florianopolis,Brazil
739.Global Patient Outcome and Real World Evidence,Eli Lilly and Company,Indianapolis,United States
740.Medicine Service,US Department of Veterans Affairs,Birmingham,United States
741.Max Hospital,Ghaziabad,India
742.Department of Pulmonary Medicine,Asthma Bhawan,Jaipur,India
743.Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy,Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals,Slagelse,Denmark
744.Department of Ophthalmology,Hywel Dda University Health Board,Llanelli,United Kingdom
745.Department of Infectious Diseases,Kharkiv National Medical University,Kharkiv,Ukraine
746.Department of Medicine,University of Calgary,Calgary,Canada
747.Hull York Medical School,University of Hull,Hull City,United Kingdom
748.Division of Community Medicine,International Medical University,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
749.Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,Surakarta,Indonesia
750.Department of Public Health,China Medical University,Taiwan
751.Health Economics,Deakin University,Melbourne,Australia
752.Department of Community Health,Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences,Dar es Salaam,Tanzania
753.Department of Criminology,Law,and Society,University of California Irvine,Irvine,United States
754.Department of Medicine,University of Valencia,Valencia,Spain
755.Carlos III Health Institute,Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network,Madrid,Spain
756.Cancer Control Center,Osaka International Cancer Institute,Osaka,Japan
757.Axum College of Health Science,Mekelle,Ethiopia
758.Research and Development Center for Humanities and Health Management,National Institute of Health Research & Development,Jakarta,Indonesia
759.Department of Public Health and Community Medicine,Central University of Kerala,Kasaragod,India
760.Institute of Public Health,Jagiellonian University Medical College,Kraków,Poland
761.Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System,Warsaw,Poland
762.Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine,University of São Paulo,Ribeirão Preto,Brazil
763.Modestum LTD,London,United Kingdom
764.Department of Health Economics,Hanoi Medical University,Hanoi,Viet Nam
765.Molecular Medicine and Pathology,University of Auckland,Auckland,New Zealand
766.Clinical Hematology and Toxicology,Maurice Wilkins Centre,Auckland,New Zealand
767.Department of Microbiology,Iqra National University,Peshawar,Pakistan
768.TB Culture Laboratory,Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital,Dera Ismail Khan,Pakistan
769.Velez Sarsfield Hospital,Buenos Aires,Argentina
770.Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences,University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy
771.Occupational Health Unit,Sant’Orsola Malpighi Hospital,Bologna,Italy
772.Department of Economics,University of Göttingen,Göttingen,Germany
773.Foundation University Medical College,Foundation University Islamabad,Islamabad,Pakistan
774.Department of Neurology,George Washington University,Washington,United States
775.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Wuhan University,Wuhan,China
776.Global Health Institute,Wuhan University,Wuhan,China
777.School of Health Sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan,China
778.Demographic Change and Aging Research Area,Federal Institute for Population Research,Wiesbaden,Germany
779.Competence Center of Mortality-Follow-Up of the German National Cohort,Federal Institute for Population Research,Wiesbaden,Germany
780.Center for Population and Health,Wiesbaden,Germany
781.Department of Physical Therapy,Naresuan University,Phitsanulok,Thailand
782.Department of Health Economics,Addis Continental Institute of Public Health,Addis Ababa,Ethiopia
783.Department of Orthopaedics,Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou,China
784.School of Medicine,Nanjing University,Nanjing,China
785.Clinical Cancer Research Center,Milad General Hospital,Tehran,Iran
786.Department of Public Health,Fujita Health University,Toyoake,Japan
787.Department of Public Health and Health Systems,Nagoya University,Nagoya,Japan
788.Pediatrics Department,University of Jos,Jos,Nigeria
789.Department of Pediatrics,Jos University Teaching Hospital,Jos,Nigeria
790.Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention,University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong,Hong Kong
791.Department of Social Work and Social Administration,University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong,Hong Kong
792.Department of Neuropsychopharmaology,National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry,Kodaira,Japan
793.Department of Public Health,Juntendo University,Tokyo,Japan
794.Department of Preventive Medicine,Korea University,Seoul,South Korea
795.Department of Health Policy and Management,Jackson State University,Jackson,United States
796.School of Medicine,Tsinghua University,Beijing,China
797.Department of Health Care Management and Economics,Urmia University of Medical Science,Urmia,Iran
798.Department of Medicine,University Ferhat Abbas of Setif,Sétif,Algeria
799.Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,University of Basel,Basel,Switzerland
800.College of Medicine and Health Sciences,Dilla University,Dilla,Ethiopia
801.School of Public Health,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China
802.Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,China
803.School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering,Wuhan Polytechnic University,Wuhan,China,Health Technology Assessment Unit,Department of Health Philippines,Manila,Philippines
804.MentalHealthPH,Quezon City,Philippines

Wiens，Kirsten E.,Lindstedt，Paulina A.,Blacker，Brigette F.,et al. Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17[J]. The Lancet Global Health,2020,8(8):e1038-e1060.

Wiens，Kirsten E..,Lindstedt，Paulina A..,Blacker，Brigette F..,Johnson，Kimberly B..,Baumann，Mathew M..,...&Reiner，Robert C..(2020).Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17.The Lancet Global Health,8(8),e1038-e1060.

Wiens，Kirsten E.,et al."Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17".The Lancet Global Health 8.8(2020):e1038-e1060.