低噪声无人机螺旋桨设计与分析

Design and Analysis of Low Noise UAV Problems

李钰

11749215

硕士

航天工程

刘宇

2019-05-28

2019-07-20

哈尔滨工业大学

深圳

本文研究尾缘锯齿对小型无人机螺旋桨噪声的降噪效果。对已有的螺旋桨进行尾缘锯齿设计，包括常规的切开式尾缘锯齿、延伸式尾缘锯齿，每种包含不同锯齿参数，同时研究了新型尾缘锯齿对降噪量的影响。尝试了多种加工方式，以保证螺旋桨的刚性强度和气动外型。设计了三种试验装置进行噪声测量，选择对试验结果影响因素最小的试验装置进行结果分析。试验中对不同转速悬停工况下的螺旋桨进行气动性能和噪声性能测试，研究不同转速、锯齿参数、锯齿设计方法对气动性能和噪声性能的影响，并分析锯齿尾缘的降噪机理。切开式尾缘锯齿减小了推力，而延伸式尾缘锯齿螺旋桨增加了推力，不同锯齿设计是改变推力的主要原因，锯齿参数的变化对推力影响较小。在相同转速下所有锯齿螺旋桨均降低了宽频噪声，并且随着转速增加，降噪量减小。不同转速下，不同锯齿螺旋桨存在相同的最大降噪量对应频率和降噪量临界值对应频率，并随着转速增加而增加。对于商业应用，由于对螺旋桨气动性能有要求，相同推力下噪声更小的螺旋桨更有竞争力，在同一推力下进行噪声的比较便于不同螺旋桨之间的横向对比。综合不同锯齿螺旋桨分析锯齿降噪的规律，进行降噪研究。利用麦克风阵列进行声源定位分析，分析降噪产生的位置和降噪效果。本文研究发现尾缘锯齿螺旋桨对于无人机螺旋桨有很好的降噪效果，总声压级降噪量最大达到3分贝，考虑到无人机对气动和效率要求，延伸式尾缘锯齿螺旋桨且一半展长存在尾缘锯齿的螺旋桨降噪效果最好，对于其他翼型和工况下的螺旋桨的低噪声设计也有一定的指导作用。

Based on the results of National and International present research, the noise reduction of trailing edge serration on UAV propeller noise is studied. The trailing edge serration design includes cut-off trailing edge trailing edge serrations, extended trailing edge serrations with different serration parameters, and the effect of the trailing edge serration on noise reduction was studied. A variety of machining methods have been tried to ensure the rigidity and aerodynamic shape of the propeller. Three kinds of test devices are selected to conduct noise measurement, and the test device with the least influence factor on the test results is selected for the result analysis. In the test, the propellers under different hovering conditions were tested for aerodynamic performance and noise performance. The effects of different speeds, serration parameters and serration design methods on aerodynamic performance and noise performance were studied, and the mechanism of the serrated trailing edge was analyzed. The trailing edge serration changes the aerodynamic performance of the propeller, and the different serration design is the main reason. The change of the serration parameters has little effect on the aerodynamic performance. All trailing edge serration propellers reduce broadband noise at the same speed, and as the speed increases, the amount of noise reduction decreases. At different speeds, different trailing edge serration propellers have the same frequency of the maximum noise reduction and the frequency of noise reduction threshold, and the frequencies increase with the increase of speed. For commercial applications, the propellers with less noise at the same thrust are more competitive due to the aerodynamic performance requirements of the propellers. Comparing the noise performance of the trailing edge serration propellers under the same thrust conditions, the characteristic of noise reduction is studied. The microphone array was used for sound source localization analysis to analyze the position and noise reduction effect. In this paper, it is found that the trailing edge serrated propeller has good noise reduction effect for the UAV propeller, and the total noise reduction is up to 3dB. Considering the aerodynamic and efficiency requirements of the UAV, the extended trailing edge serration of half span has the best noise reduction effect, and it also has guidance for propellers in other airfoils.

无人机螺旋桨 锯齿尾缘 气动性能 噪声性能

UAV propeller serrated trailing edge aerodynamic performance noise reduction

中文

联合培养

南方科技大学

李钰. 低噪声无人机螺旋桨设计与分析[D]. 深圳. 哈尔滨工业大学,2019.