燃料电池空气进给系统建模与控制

MODELING AND CONTROL OF FUEL CELL AIR FEED SYSTEM

隋建明

11749143

硕士

机械工程

王海江

2019-05-31

2019-06-28

哈尔滨工业大学

深圳

近些年来，随着汽车的普及，中国面临的环境与能源问题越来越严重，为推动大气污染防治，同时缓解能源危机，大力发展可再生能源是根本，发展新能源汽车是有力举措，其中的发电装置燃料电池是一种将燃料(如甲醇、氢气等)的化学能转化为电能的电化学装置，是对人类社会产生重大影响的高新科技之一。燃料电池主要由两部分组成，一是燃料电池的核心即电堆，二是维持电堆正常工作的外围系统，二者协调工作维持然燃料电池的正常工作。其中燃料电池系统主要包括供气与吹扫系统，水热管理系统，功率调节系统等。本文针对燃料电池空气进给系统，以空压机转速，供气管路气压，电堆气压以及氧气分压四个状态变量为基础，利用能量守恒方程、理想气体方程以及燃料电池的工作机理建立空气进给系统的数学模型，对其中核心部件空气压缩机进行流量特性以及功率的测定，并利用 matlab 拟合其特性曲线，从而建立完整的空气进给系统模型。在所建立模型的基础上，通过分析功率曲线得到氧气过量比维持在 2 附近可以得到系统的最佳效率。最后设计三种控制算法，即 PID、无约束动态矩阵控制和约束动态矩阵控制，分别对空气进给系统进行调控，并在 simulink 中进行仿真。通过观测三种控制下的系统的过量比，得到 PID 算法对于系统的控制响应时间优于模型预测控制，但其无法控制整个过程中系统的输入输出轨迹，而模型预测控制可以很好的限制系统输入与输出的范围，避免造成氧饥饿等现象从而影响系统的正常运行，进而优化整个系统。

With the increase in the number and popularity of automobiles, China is facingmore and more significant environmental and energy problems. As a new type ofpower generation device, fuel cell takes hydrogen energy as fuel and convertschemical energy directly into electric energy through electrochemical reaction. It isone of the highest and newest technologies that have a significant impact on humansociety. The fuel cell is mainly composed of two parts, one is the core of the fuel cell,namely the fuel cell reactor, and the other is the peripheral system that maintains thenormal operation of the reactor. the two of which coordinate to work. The main fuelcell systems include gas supply and purge system, water and heat managementsystem, power regulation system, etc. The oxygen pressure of the reaction processplays an important role in the normal operation of the fuel cell.The paper focuses on the fuel cell air feed system, utilizing air compressorrotation speed, gas pipeline pressure, electric reactor pressure and oxygen partialpressure as four state variables, using the energy conservation equation, the idealgas equation as well as the working mechanism of fuel cell and so on to establish themathematical model of air feed system, to determine the flow characteristic andpower of the core of air compressor, and uses matlab to fit its characteristic curve, toset up a complete air feed system model. And at the same time by analyzing thepower curve,we can know that maintain the oxygen excess ratio near 2 or so leads to the bestefficiency of system.Finally, I design three kinds of control algorithm, that is, PID, unconstraineddynamic matrix control and dynamic matrix control for regulating air feed systemrespectively, and carry on the simulation in simulink. Through the simulation results,I analyze the three kinds of excess ratio under the control system. The PID algorithmis better than the model predictive control for the control response time of thesystem, but it cannot control the trajectory of the system's input and output in thewhole control process, but the model predictive control can well limit the range ofinput and output avoids affecting the normal operation of the system such as causingoxygen starvation, so as to optimize the whole system, to maintain the oxygenexcess ratio of the system near 2 or so.

燃料电池 空气压缩机 建模 氧气过量比 动态矩阵控制

fuel cell air compressor model oxygen excess ratio dynamic matrix control

中文

联合培养

南方科技大学

隋建明. 燃料电池空气进给系统建模与控制[D]. 深圳. 哈尔滨工业大学,2019.