基于松耦合变压器的电动汽车无线充电系统设计

DESIGN OF THE WIRELESS CHARGING SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES USING LOOSELY COUPLED TRANSFORMER

牛松岩

11749179

硕士

电子与通信工程

蹇林旎

2019-05-29

2019-06-28

哈尔滨工业大学

深圳

城市交通是化石燃料消耗的主要来源之一。为解决因机动车尾气排放引起的一系列环境问题，改善能源供应结构，电动汽车作为一种清洁的替代方案逐步走进了人们的视野。尽管传导式充电是当前应用最广泛的一种电动汽车充电技术，但无线电能传输以其更高的安全性，易于实现无人化操作，以及能够在潮湿、粉尘等恶劣环境持续充电等优势，在近几年也取得了快速发展。松耦合变压器是磁场耦合式无线充电系统的核心部件。它在各类偏移条件下的损耗情况将对温升和效率等系统性能产生重要影响。首先，本文介绍了几种常用的松耦合变压器建模方法。对每种模型，本文总结了其关键问题、适用条件和等效思想。此外，本文还对几种典型的松耦合变压器结构进行了详尽的磁场特性分析。其次，本文总结了一套固定频率下的松耦合变压器设计流程，并据此完成了松耦合变压器的参数计算和基本实现。对于本文研究松耦合变压器损耗和温升等关键问题，本文借助 Ansoft Maxwell 和 Ansys workbench 的稳态热分析模块，进行了电磁场和温度场的联合仿真。再次，本文最终完成了一套频率、气隙和系统效率等指标符合工业标准的电动汽车无线充电样机的制造和测试。在原副边完全对准的条件下，该系统能够以高于 95%的效率完成 6.6 kW 的功率传输。本文也对该系统进行了温升测试，测试结果同仿真结果有较好的匹配度。此外，本文总结梳理了几份国内外最新电动汽车无线充电的工业标准，深入挖掘了几份标准在性能指标和技术路线等方面的共同点和差异性。基于新旧标准演化的过程，本文还提出了无线充电技术的未来发展方向。

Urban transportation is one of the main consumers of fossil fuel. To deal with the problems arising from the exhaust emission from petrol cars and optimize the energy structure, electric vehicles (EVs) have attracted more and more attention as a cleaner alternative. Though conductive charging is currently the most widely used charging method for EVs, wireless charging has also been under development for the past few decades since it is safer, applicable to unmanned operation and the charging process can be uninterrupted even in harsh environments, such as underwater and dusty environment. Loosely coupled transformer is the core component in a magnetic coupled wireless charging system. Its loss of all kinds will have significant influence on system performance like efficiency and temperature rise, especially when there exists lateral offset and angular offset.Firstly, this dissertation introduces some common modeling methods of loosely coupled transformers. For each model, the key issues, applicable conditions and how it is equivalent to the real product are summarized. Additionally, this dissertation also conducts thorough analysis of the magnetic-field pattern of several typical structures of loosely coupled transformers. Secondly, this dissertation proposes a design procedure of loosely coupled transformers working at fixed frequency, based on which the parameter calculation and the implementation of the prototype is finished. With regard to the key issues like the loss and temperature rise of loosely coupled transformers, the electromagnetic field and thermal linked simulation is conducted by Ansoft Maxwell and the steadystate thermal module of Ansys workbench. Thirdly, a wireless charging system for EVs which is in line with the industry standards from the perspective of operating frequency, air gap and system efficiency is produced and tested. This system can transfe 6.6 kW rated power reaching up to the efficiency by 95% when the primary side and the secondary side is perfectly aligned. This dissertation also conducts temperature rise test on this system and the results show good agreement with the simulation results.Finally, this dissertation lists several newest industry standards of wirelesscharging technology for EVs at home and abroad and finds their similarity and differences of the performance index and technical route. On the basis of the standards evolution, this dissertation envisions the future of wireless charging technology.

无线充电 电动汽车 工业标准 松耦合变压器 损耗分析 温升

wireless charging electric vehicle (EV) industry standard loosely coupled transformer loss analysis temperature rise

中文

联合培养

南方科技大学

牛松岩. 基于松耦合变压器的电动汽车无线充电系统设计[D]. 深圳. 哈尔滨工业大学,2019.