基于厌氧膜生物反应器的城市生活污水处理工艺探究

Research on Municipal Wastewater Treatment Process Based on Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR)

曾庆鹏

11749211

硕士

环境工程

刘崇炫

2019-05-28

2019-06-28

哈尔滨工业大学

深圳

作为一种重要的污染物，城市生活污水产生量大、组成复杂、对环境破坏性强。现有的污水处理系统主要采用好氧活性污泥法和生物膜法来处理，但是具有占地面积大、能耗严重、管理费用高、污泥产量大以及易二次污染等问题。因此，探索新型污水处理工艺的稳定性以及应用价值成为当务之急。本论文着重研究了一种新型的一体三腔式强制内循环厌氧膜生物反应器（AnMBR）在城市生活污水处理中的应用，具体研究了厌氧污泥的驯化对于反应器的快速启动的意义、反应器运行参数（水力停留时间、内循环和温度）的调节对反应器运行效能、厌氧污泥的性质和活性的影响以及新型厌氧膜生物反应器的构型及运行方式对膜污染的影响，进而确定该厌氧膜生物反应器在南方温度地区的运行适应性。 该实验过程中，厌氧污泥共计驯化111天，厌氧膜生物反应器共计运行175天，取得以下结果： 通过厌氧污泥驯化的手段可获得污染物处理效果高、活性强、絮凝沉降性好的厌氧污泥。在厌氧膜生物反应器启动期接种该厌氧污泥，可实现反应器在运行第21天快速启动。 厌氧膜生物反应器在不同运行参数（水力停留时间、内循环、温度）下对废水的处理效能的研究结果表明：在HRT=12h时，反应器对COD的去除率可达81.4%，可以实现节约能源与高运行效能的平衡；反应器有内循环的运行条件下，主要污染物的去除效果要好于无内循环运行，COD去除率最高可达79.2%；在模拟冬春季（14-27℃）和夏秋季（30-32℃）的温度对比实验中，反应器对主要污染物均有较高的去除效果，COD去除率分别可达75%和88.4%。同时，在反应器运行过程中，发现厌氧颗粒污泥的产生，厌氧污泥的性质及活性均有所增强。 本文还进一步研究了该新型厌氧膜生物反应器膜的污染情况及防治效果。结果表明：在快速启动阶段，厌氧膜生物反应器膜组件的污染与微生物代谢产物（EPS和SMP）存在明显的正相关关系。通过对厌氧膜生物反应器的膜表面和内层进行微观形貌观察发现，膜表面的污染主要以凝胶层为主，部分区域为泥饼层，同时内层也出现膜污染。对比观察小试试验膜的微观形貌发现，该反应器构型内设置障碍物及沼气回流喷吹对膜污染的防治具有明显效果。 本研究表明，针对城市生活污水处理，本研究所设计的新型厌氧膜生物反应器具有可快速启动、高运行效能、节能减排、降低成本以及防治膜污染的优点，同时对南方温暖地区展现出良好的适应性，研究价值较高，值得推广。

As an important contaminant, the municipal domestic wastewater has the characteristics of large amount, complex pollutants and strong environmental damage. In view of these characteristics, traditional wastewater treatment system mainly adopts aerobic activated sludge process and biofilm process, but has problems such as large space, serious energy consumption, high management cost, large sludge production, secondary pollution and so on. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the stability and value of the new wastewater treatment process. This thesis focuses on the application of a new integrated three-chamber forced circulation anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) in domestic wastewater treatment, particularly studying on the acclimatization of anaerobic sludge, the rapid start-up of the bioreactor, and also the effects of operating parameters (HRT, circulation and temperature) on bioreactor performance, anaerobic sludge properties and activity, and membrane fouling, in order to ensure the adaptability of the bioreactor in the south area with warm climate. During the experiment, the anaerobic sludge was acclimatized for 111 days, and the anaerobic membrane bioreactor was operated for 175 days. The following results were obtained: The anaerobic sludge with high treatment effect, strong activity, flocculation and sedimentation can be obtained by anaerobic sludge acclimatization, and the anaerobic sludge can be inoculated in the start-up period of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor. The bioreactor starts up quickly on the 21st day. The treatment efficiency of wastewater in anaerobic membrane bioreactor under different operating parameters (HRT, circulation, temperature) shows that at HRT=12h, the removal rate of COD in the reactor can reach 81.4%, with a balance of energy saving and high efficiency. The maximum removal efficiency of the main pollutants in the reactor with circulation is reduced up to 79.2%; in the simulated temperature comparison experiments in winter/spring(ambient temperature) and summer/autumn(30℃), the bioreactor has high efficiency, with COD removal rates up to 75% and 88.4%, respectively. At the same time, anaerobic granular sludge was found, and the properties and activities of anaerobic sludge are improved during the operation of the bioreactor. The membrane fouling, preventing and controlling of the anaerobic membrane bioreactor were further studied. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the contamination of anaerobic membrane bioreactor membrane modules and microbial metabolites (EPS and SMP) during the rapid start-up. By observing the microscopic morphology of the membrane surface and inner layer, it was found that the surface of the membrane is mainly fouled of a gel layer, and some areas with sludge layers, and membrane fouling also occurs in the inner layer. Comparing and observing the microscopic morphology of the test film, it was found that the baffle in the reactor and the backwash of biogas have obvious effects on the prevention and control of membrane fouling. This study shows that the new AnMBR has the advantages of short start-up period, high efficiency, energy saving and emission reduction, cost reduction and membrane fouling prevention for municipal domestic wastewater, which is worth to adapt with high research value.

厌氧膜生物反应器 污泥驯化 微生物群落 膜污染

Anaerobic membrane bioreactor sludge domestication microbial community membrane fouling

中文

联合培养

南方科技大学

曾庆鹏. 基于厌氧膜生物反应器的城市生活污水处理工艺探究[D]. 深圳. 哈尔滨工业大学,2019.