Thermochemistry of nano-phased titanium dioxides relevant to energy application: A Review

Polymorphs of titanium dioxides have found extensive applications in energy fields such as photocatalytic hydrogen generation and batteries. Further research on the thermochemistry of titanium dioxides should be conducted to attain a more detailed understanding of correlations among the steps of synthesis-structure-properties-performance paradigm for achieving controlled functionality. In this review, we briefly highlight important developments in polymorph structures, experimental
accesses, stabilities, and thermodynamic data for nano-phased TiO2 . We emphasis the important roles of surface hydration and structural symmetry on the stability of TiO2 in the context of photocatalysis and lithium-ions batteries. Because analogues of TiO2 phases have many important applications, the relevant results summarized in this work may have broad implications for the prediction of functionalities from the viewpoint of thermochemistry.