消防用感应控温维生呼吸器

为了综合解决火灾中因吸入性损伤造成的人身伤亡问题，本文设计了一种新型的消防用感应控温维生呼吸器，通过呼吸器中配置的一种基于新型高热导复合相变材料的空气换热器，可以将火场中500K的高温空气降低至313K，
且控温时间大于20mins，为综合有效地预防吸入性损伤提供了一种新的解决方
案。本文的主要研究内容和成果如下：
(1)通过熔融共混法制备了石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变材料，XRD和FT-IR的结果表明了石蜡和膨胀石墨之间没有发生化学反应，两者之间只存在物理吸附
作用。DSC结果表明，PW/EG复合相变材料相对基体相变材料PW，其熔点和凝固点略有改变，熔点会降低，凝固点会升高，即EG的加入，会减小相变材料的过冷度。PW/EG复合相变材料的热导率随EG含量的增加而增大，但潜热则会逐渐减小，当EG的含量增大到35wt%时，其径向热导率达到了28.8 (W/m·K)，较纯石蜡0.2 (W/m·K)提升了约144倍。
(2)建立了空气换热器的流热耦合数学模型，其数值分析结果表明，本文设计的换热器能有效地将500K的高温空气瞬时降低至目标温度313K以下。研究了相变材料热物性参数对换热器控温时间(出口温度<313K的时间)的影响，得到了较佳的材料热物性参数，即当热导率为10 (W/m·K)，潜热为180 (J/g)时，换热器的控温时间最长，可达1379s。对相变蓄热片的形状进行了初步优化，综合考虑换热器的压降和控温性能后，相变蓄热圆片的数量为8片，厚度为8mm时，是换热器的较佳结构选择。
(3)利用kriging拟合模型建立的相变蓄热片几何尺寸，包括孔到中心的距离d1，孔与孔之间的距离d2，孔的直径大小D，以及相邻蓄热片的夹角α与换热器压降��，t=1200s时刻的出口温度Toutlet，相变材料质量Mpcm的响应关系，并利用遗传算法对换热器进行了多目标优化，得到了最佳换热器几何设计。当
D=9.94mm，α=49.88°，d1=15.72mm，d2=15.04mm时，换热器压降下降了约52.8%，质量减少了20.1g，t=1200s时出口温度上升了2.62℃，但仍满足T<313 K的设计要求。
(4)设计了一个新型的消防用控温维生呼吸器，将呼吸器设计成三大部分，i)紧凑式可拆卸的分离式换热器；ii)吸气通道与呼吸通道隔离的呼吸结构；iii)易于佩戴的紧贴式头罩。

In order to solve the problem of human casualties caused by inhalation damage in fire comprehensively, a new type of temperature-controlled respiratory for Fire-fighting is designed in this paper. Through a new type of air heat exchangerbased on high thermal conductivity composite phase change material, which is equipped with respiratory, the high temperature air of 500 K in fire field can be reduced to 313 K,and the time of temperature control below 313K for outlet can reach more than20 minutes. It provides a new comprehensively and effectively solution to solve inhalationinjury. The main research contents and results are as follows:
(1)The paraffin/expanded graphite composite phase change materials were prepared by melting blending method. There are no chemical reaction between paraffin and expanded graphite, and no new phase and substance formation in the composite phase change materials compared with the matrix materials; Comparing to paraffin, the melting point of PW/EG decreases andthe solidification point increase;The thermal conductivity of PW/EG increases with the increase of EG content,while the latent heat would decrease. When the content of EG increases to 35 wt%, its radial thermal conductivity reaches 28.8 (W/m·K), which is 144 times than pure paraffin (0.2 (W/m·K)).
(2)The mathematical model of Flow-Thermal coupled for air heat exchanger is established. The numerical analysis results showthat the heat exchanger designed in this paper can effectively reduce the high temperature air of 500K to below the target temperature of 313K. The influence of thermo-physical parameters of phase change materials on the temperature control time of heat exchanger (time of outlet temperature < 313K) is studied, and the better thermo-physicalparameters of materials are obtained, when the thermal conductivity K is 10 (W/m·K), the latent heat H is 180 (J/g), the heat exchanger has the longest time of temperature control,reaching 1379 seconds. The shape of the phase change panels was optimized preliminarily. Considering the pressure drop and temperature control time of the heat exchanger, when thethickness ofphase changepanelsis 8mm,the numbers of panels is 8,it is a better choice for the heat exchanger.
(3)The responserelationship between the geometric dimensions of the he at exchanger and thepressure drop of heat exchanger, the exit temperature at t=1200s,the mass of PCM panels was created using Kriging model, including the distance between holes and center (d1) the distance between holes (d2), t he diameter of holes (D), and the angle betweenadjacent PCM panels; Using
the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm, we obtained the optimal geometry of heat exchanger, the pressure drop decreased by 52.8%,the mass of panels decr eased by 20.1g,and the outlet temperature increased by2.62℃when flow t imeat1200s(it still met the design requirements of Tt=1200s<313K)when the geometry size of PCM panels is D=9.94mm,α=49.88°,d1=15.72mm,d2=15.04 mm.
(4)A novelFire-fighting respiratory device was designed. The respirator is made by three major parts:i) acompact detachable separated heat exchanger, ii) breathing structure of isolation between breathing passage and breathing passage; iii)a compact thermal insulated head cover which is easy to wear.

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