Household energy stacking and structures in Pakistan – Results from a multiple-energy study in Azad Kashmir and Punjab

Jiao，Xiaoqiao1; Xiong，Rui1; Luo，Zhihan1; Li，Yaojie1; Cheng，Hefa1; Rashid，Audil2; Shen，Guofeng1; Tao，Shu1,3

2023-11-01

10.1016/j.jes.2022.07.030

Journal of Environmental Sciences   影响因子和分区

1001-0742

1878-7320

Solid fuel use (SFU) is common in most developing countries and would release many hazardous air pollutants posing high risks on human health. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study highlighted risks associated with household SFU in Pakistan, however, high uncertainties prevail because of scanty data on SFU and unaccounted energy stacking. This study conducted a field campaign aiming at collecting first-hand data on household energy mix in Pakistan. The first survey was in Punjab and Azad Kashmir, and revealed that stacked energy use was pervasive, especially for cooking. The stacking was found to be much more obvious in SFU households (defined as those using SFU dominantly) compared to those non-SFU. There were significantly substantial differences between Azad Kashmir and Punjab because of distinct resources available and economic conditions. Woody materials comprised up to nearly 70% in Azad Kashmir, but in Punjab, gas was frequently used for cooking. Only investigating primary household energy would probably overestimate main energy types that being used for a longer time but underestimated other supplements, suggesting the preference of multiple-energy surveys in household energy studies.

Developing country Energy stacking Household energy Pakistan Solid fuel use

EI

英语

其他

20230713587209

Health risks

Health Care:461.7

2-s2.0-85147846448

Scopus

1.College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing,100871,China
2.Faculty of Science,Botany Department,University of Gujrat,Gujrat,50700,Pakistan
3.College of Environmental Science and Technology,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,518055,China

Jiao，Xiaoqiao,Xiong，Rui,Luo，Zhihan,等. Household energy stacking and structures in Pakistan – Results from a multiple-energy study in Azad Kashmir and Punjab[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2023,133:152-160.

Jiao，Xiaoqiao.,Xiong，Rui.,Luo，Zhihan.,Li，Yaojie.,Cheng，Hefa.,...&Tao，Shu.(2023).Household energy stacking and structures in Pakistan – Results from a multiple-energy study in Azad Kashmir and Punjab.Journal of Environmental Sciences,133,152-160.

Jiao，Xiaoqiao,et al."Household energy stacking and structures in Pakistan – Results from a multiple-energy study in Azad Kashmir and Punjab".Journal of Environmental Sciences 133(2023):152-160.