Tunable plasmonics based on metal dielectric hybrid nanostructures

The rapid development of nanostructures fabrication boosts the research on plasmonics, from bulk metamaterials to metasurfaces, enabling optical field manipulation (both in amplitude and phase) with compact devices as a result of the engineered light-matter interaction.

In this thesis, we use metal-dielectric hybrid nanostructures (namely, nanoapertures) integrated with an active material (liquid crystals) to demonstrate tunable plasmonic colors. With the help of surface plasmon polaritons, the nanoapertures exhibit single peak transmittance, creating additive colors covering the whole visible range via changing the dimensions of the structures. Asymmetrical nanoapertures could furtherly endow linearly polarization-sensitive colors.

Based on the polarization-dependent appearance, we integrated twisted nematic liquid crystals on an array of nanoapertures, demonstrating switchable patterns between a vivid image and a faded image, that are controlled by the applied electric field or the incident polarization. In addition, binary digital coding enables multichannel pattern encryption through the information carrier of QR codes. Among these, the degenerate coloring of nanoapertures with rectangular or square profiles takes the key role in polarization-dependent multiplexed imaging. The polymer-dispersed-liquid-crystal layer was introduced as a switch between a transparent state and scattering under an applied electric field.

A facile fabrication approach to achieve nanostructures with the capability of tunable circular dichroism was proved. The pulsed laser-induced two-photon polymerization can write an arbitrary geometry in a polymer by moving the laser focus. Here, we demonstrate a chiral structure consisting of two stacked gratings with a twist angle fabricated by the two-photon polymerization, which enables a high circular dichroism value originating from the coupling between the plasmonic resonance of metal in the first and second layers after covering a layer of gold.

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