背景噪声多分量多阶频散曲线的提取与应用 ——以青藏高原东北缘及其邻区为例

印度洋板块向欧亚板块的俯冲，使青藏高原主体产生了巨大的变形，而东北缘与之相邻的块体在受到了青藏高原的挤压后，岩石圈结构更加复杂多变，这些区域的块体是否受到影响以及影响的程度是值得关注的。尽管该地区已有面波成像结果，但前人的研究主要是基于基阶频散曲线反演进行的成像，结果有较大的不确定性。频率-贝塞尔变换可以从背景噪声数据中提取多阶频散曲线，进行多阶频散曲线的联合反演可以有效地降低反演多解性，得到更可靠的速度模型。

   前人基于空间自相关方法的系数公式推导了多分量频率-贝塞尔变换的公式，本文的推导表明多分量频率-贝塞尔变换公式可以统一建立在广义反透射系数方法合成理论地震图的单力源公式上。由于原始的多分量频率-贝塞尔变换存在两种不同类型的交叉伪影干扰，本文提出了多分量修正频率-贝塞尔变换公式和k滤波方法对其进行去除，增强后的频散谱可以提取更多高阶及更宽频带的频散曲线。基于斯托克斯变换和合成理论地震图的单力源公式，本文提出了一种从双台多分量互相关函数中提取基阶频散曲线的方法—斯托克斯-贝塞尔变换，由于其可以使用大台间距的台站对，可获取更低频的基阶频散曲线，可以有效地补充频率-贝塞尔变换提取的基阶频散曲线的低频部分。由于不同分量的互相关函数的信噪比不同，多分量修正频率-贝塞尔变换、斯托克斯-贝塞尔变换得到的频散谱的质量也有所不同，综合不同分量的频散谱提取频散曲线，可以得到更宽频带的多阶频散曲线。

   本文通过多阶频散曲线的联合反演获得了青藏高原东北缘及其邻区的三维速度模型，结果表明在祁连造山带、西秦岭造山带西段和松潘-甘孜块体的中下地壳存在低速层，从低速层的分布上看该低速层已经进入了陇西盆地、阿拉善块体南部，表明这些区域的中下地壳已经受到青藏高原的改造；而在扬子克拉通、西秦岭造山带东段、鄂尔多斯地块以及中亚造山带未出现低速层，表明这些区域的中下地壳尚未受到青藏高原的改造或改造很小。青藏高原东北缘普遍存在上地幔低速异常，在松潘-甘孜地块、祁连造山带和西秦岭造山带西段上地幔低速的下方没有明显的垂向低速通道，这些区域的上地幔低速与深部物质的上涌可能没有直接关系，更有可能是青藏高原中南部上地幔低速区的北向延伸；同时在青藏高原的北向扩张的推动下，祁连造山带的上地幔低速已经穿过了阿拉善块体西缘，到达了中亚造山带南部。此外鄂尔多斯块体南北两个区域均存在上地幔低速层，与青藏高原东北缘上地幔的低速相连，但鄂尔多斯块体北部的岩石圈速度较南部高,这可能是鄂尔多斯块体上地幔区域存在青藏高原向东的扩张导致鄂尔多斯块体西南部的上地幔发生了变化，导致其波速比北部区域的低。这些研究成果可以为深入理解青藏高原的构造演化及其对周边地块岩石圈的影响提供重要的参考。

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