计及点对点能源交易的光储充一体站的能量管理与经济运行

光储充一体化集成是一种新型的充电站建设模式，具有绿色、高效的特点。然而，光伏和储能系统分别具有间歇性和高成本等特点，因此光储充站的能量管理策略对其经济运行至关重要。光储充一体站可以通过协同光伏、储能系统和电动汽车的充放电来实现经济运行。由于售电侧市场的开放，出现了一系列新型灵活的能源交易形式，例如点对点交易。点对点能源交易方式不仅可以提升多充电站系统的运行稳定性和灵活性，还可以促进可再生能源的就地消纳与高效利用。

目前，关于考虑点对点能源交易的充电站能量管理及经济运行问题的研究相对较少，主要面临以下挑战。首先，需要使用组合优化模型来考虑充电站动态负荷需求、传输损失和最佳交易电价。其次，预测充电站在不同时间段内作为买方或卖方的角色是一项复杂的任务。第三，需要设计一个最优和公平的定价方案。第四，传统集中式求解算法存在效率低、隐私泄漏风险大等缺陷，需要改进传统的求解算法进一步保护隐私性。

鉴于上述挑战，本文提出了一个去中心化的充电站点对点能源交易框架，旨在降低充电站的能源成本，实现其经济运行。在该框架中，充电站包含了可再生能源、电池储能系统和电动汽车等基本单元。其次，充电站的角色是动态的，它既可以作为能源供应者，也可以作为能源需求者。此外，本文改进了传统ADMM算法，提出了一种基于对偶共识的去中心化交替方向乘法器算法（DC-ADMM）来解决点对点交易问题。该算法在原始变量更新中不需要协调器，具有较高的隐私保护和较少的通信负担。为了实现点对点能源交易数据的透明化和可追溯性，本文提出了基于区块链平台的点对点交易机制，帮助供需双方高效建立和完成能源交易。在区块链平台上，构建了一个完整的点对点交易流程。最后，通过算例验证，本文所提策略为充电站带来了显著的成本降低，贡献了部分可用的分布式能源，使得整个社会福利最大化。同时，本文所提出的方法保证了交易效率和能源交易的隐私性和安全性。

The integrated solar-storage-charge-discharge is a new construction mode of charging stations, which has the characteristics of green and efficient. However, due to the intermittent and high-cost characteristics of photovoltaic and energy storage respectively, Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job in energy management. Integrated solar-storage-charge-discharge charging stations can operate economically through collaboration between PV, ESS and EV charging and discharging.  The opening up of the electricity market has made possible a range of new and flexible forms of energy trading, such as peer-to-peer trading. On the one hand, peer-to-peer energy transaction mode aims to improve the stability and flexibility of the economic operation of the multi-charging station system, and on the other hand, to realize the local consumption and efficient utilization of renewable energy.

At present, the energy management and economic operation of charging stations considering peer-to-peer energy transactions are rarely studied, because of the following challenges. First, a combinatorial optimization model must be used to consider the dynamic load demand of charging stations, transmission loss and optimal transaction price. Second, anticipating the role of charging stations as buyers or sellers in advance is a tricky task. Third, the traditional centralized solution algorithm has technical defects such as low efficiency and high risk of privacy leakage. It is necessary to improve the traditional solution algorithm to further protect privacy.

Considering the above challenges, this paper aims to propose a decentralized peer-to-peer energy trading framework for charging stations to reduce the energy cost of charging stations and realize the economical operation of charging stations. The proposed framework considers multiple dynamic components, including renewable energy, battery storage systems, and electric vehicles. In this framework, the role of charging stations as buyers or sellers is endogenously determined. Secondly, the traditional ADMM algorithm is improved, and a decentralized alternating direction multiplier algorithm (DC-ADMM) based on dual consensus is proposed to solve the peer-to-peer transaction problem. In the original variable update, no coordinator is needed, which has higher privacy protection and communication burden reduction. Finally, in order to solve the trust problem of energy transactions and realize the transparency and traceability of peer-to-peer energy transaction data. This paper proposes a peer-to-peer transaction mechanism based on the blockchain platform to help the supply and demand sides to efficiently establish and complete energy transactions. On the blockchain platform, a complete peer-to-peer transaction process is constructed. Finally, an example is given to verify that the method proposed in this paper brings significant cost reduction to the charging station, contributes part of the available distributed energy, maximizes the entire social welfare, ensures the transaction efficiency, and also protects the privacy and security of the energy transaction.

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