取向结构高导热吸波碳纤维复合材料的制备及性能研究

随着通信电子器件朝着高频、小型、多功能和集成化发展，电磁干扰与散热问题日益严重，集高导热与高效吸波性能于一体的高导热吸波材料在解决芯片和电子器件的电磁干扰与散热问题方面具有重要应用价值。由于导热和吸波对材料的本征结构要求存在显著差异，如何在同一材料上实现两个功能的高水平集成是当前面临的重要挑战。

本文选用高长径比的沥青基碳纤维为导热填料，聚合物基体是硅胶，通过溶剂热在碳纤维表面生长镍钴双金属氢氧化物和镍钴氧化物以调控其电磁参数和阻抗匹配，并对碳纤维进行取向排列，实现面内方向电磁隔离、面外方向导热通道连续的高导热与高效吸波一体化集成。

当直接采用碳纤维作为导热填料时，制得取向结构的碳纤维/硅胶复合材料纵向热导率高达34.94 W/(m·K)，但碳纤维的高电导性使碳纤维/硅胶复合材料阻抗失配，电磁波最小反射损耗仅为-5 dB。在碳纤维表面预生长层状镍钴双金属氢氧化物，制得垂直排列结构的镍钴双金属氢氧化物@碳纤维/硅胶复合材料，其纵向热导率为12.35 W/(m·K)、最小反射损耗达到-40.19 dB, 有效吸收带宽从0增加到6.97 GHz，吸波性能显著增加。对上述碳纤维退火处理得到氧化钴镍@碳纤维，再进一步制备取向结构的氧化钴镍@碳纤维/硅胶复合材料，其纵向热导率达到15.55 W/(m·K)、最小反射损耗为-55.15 dB、有效吸收带宽为8.25 GHz，实现了导热性能与吸波性能的同时最优化。本研究为高性能导热吸波材料的开发提供了一种具有参考价值的方法和技术路径。

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