火星上游质子回旋波的特性及其对离子速度分布的影响

火星是太阳系中距离地球最近，同时也是与地球最为相似的一颗行星。和地球不同，火星没有全球性偶极磁场的保护。这一差别导致两颗行星的空间环境与地表环境存在着相当巨大的差异。通过对火星的研究，我们可以更好地理解偶极磁场对行星的保护作用与宜居行星的性质和特征。同时，这类研究也将为人类把目光投向系外行星奠定基础。
由于没有偶极磁场的保护，火星高层大气中的中性气体和离子直接暴露在太阳风中，因而火星的空间环境中会发生一些有别于地球的空间天气现象和等离子体过程。质子回旋波是火星上游空间中特征最鲜明的一种等离子体波动，其由太阳风离子和来自火星的离子所形成的不稳定分布激发而产生于太阳风中，而后受多普勒效应影响而在质子回旋频率被探测器观测到。由于多普勒效应和反常多普勒效应的影响，在被观测到时质子回旋波已经失去了其原本的性质。
我们通过对MAVEN号在轨火星探测器的数据分析来观察和推测质子回旋波的性质及其影响。一方面，我们通过对磁场数据的处理分辨质子回旋波事件并锁定对应时刻探测器的位置；另一方面，我们借助新开发的构建速度空间的算法来分析粒子数据，并在其中定位和波动相关的离子组群，分析其变化。通过数据分析的结果同理论和模型的对比，我们清晰的得出了质子回旋波的在垂直波矢方向振动、左旋圆极化且沿磁场传播的特性及其对离子速度分布造成的gyrophase-bunching的影响，该结果可以帮助我们更好地理解火星空间中等离子体的波粒相互作用过程。

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