聚丙烯酸-Bola型表面活性剂复合物的制备以及形态转变的研究

聚电解质与带相反电荷的聚电解质或表面活性剂通过静电作用形成的聚电解质复合物(PECs)，具有固态沉淀和液态复凝聚物两种形态。研究PECs不同形态之间的转变条件与机理，不仅是物理化学领域的重要课题，还对生命体中的相分离现象有重大意义。研究发现复合物在一定条件下会发生玻璃化转变，但尚未结合形貌学上观测到的复合物固态沉淀到液态复凝聚物的转变进行讨论，而这两种转变都明显受到水分子和离子强度的影响。此外，对于PECs内部复杂的网络结构，目前仍缺少高效的表征手段，这制约了对形成固态沉淀/液态复凝聚物的作用机制的研究。本论文设计由聚丙烯酸(PAA)和含有四苯基乙烯基团的Bola型阳离子表面活性剂(DBON)形成的PECs体系，研究PECs的形成受混合电荷比、pH值、DBON浓度的影响，并探索PECs形态转变与盐浓度、温度和PAA分子量的关系。结合显微观测法、浊度分析法、荧光特性表征和热分析法，明确了盐/温度驱动的复合物从固态沉淀到液态复凝聚物的转变机理。研究发现，在玻璃化转变温度附近复合物发生了从固态沉淀到液态复凝聚物的热诱导形态转变，表明这两个过程之间存在很强的相关性。其中，PAA分子量越大，热诱导形态转变温度越高。DBON作为PEC本征的荧光标记物，不仅具有聚集诱导发光效应从而提高形貌表征分辨率，而且可以通过测试荧光寿命变化反映复合物网络结构变化，这丰富了PECs形态转变作用机制的表征方法。基于DBON的光热效应，研究发现了紫外光诱导下的固态沉淀到液态复凝聚物的转变，这一特性为制备功能性PECs材料提供了一个绝佳的平台。

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