不同图态类型多组份Cluster纠缠态光场的量子导引特性研究

量子纠缠、量子导引、贝尔非局域性等不同形式的量子关联是量子理论基础研究的重点问题，也是量子信息的核心资源。量子导引是严格度等级介于量子纠缠和贝尔非局域性之间的一种量子关联，若共享一对量子态的双方中的一方可以通过自己一方的测量结果推断出另一方的结果，即为可以实现对另一方的量子导引，具有天然的不对称性。量子导引可应用于单方面设备无关的多方量子通信方案，为实现更高级别的量子保密和量子通信提供更安全的保障。

非线性晶体KTP(KTiOPO4)、光学超晶格晶体PPKTP (Periodically Poled KTiOPO4)、PPLN(Periodically Poled LiNbO3) 等是量子光学系统中量子资源制备的必不可少的材料。非周期性改变晶体的非线性系数可以得到相位匹配，在光学谐振腔中使用周期极化结构的晶体的准相位匹配原则可以实现量子纠缠光源的制备，具有自发参量下转换效率高等特点。随着量子信息任务复杂度的不断提升，需要更多组份的纠缠资源去完成特定的量子信息任务。而基于非线性晶体及光学谐振腔制备的量子纠缠资源是一切多组份纠缠态制备的基础。

多组份纠缠态有多种类型，如Cluster纠缠态、GHZ纠缠态和权重图态等。其中，Cluster纠缠态具有广泛的应用和巨大的潜力。它是一种具有较高的纠缠保持特性的多组份纠缠态，其相互作用仅存在于相邻模式之间，测量Cluster纠缠态中的任意一个模式，仅破坏与之相邻模式之间的量子关联，而不会破坏所有的量子关联。因此，多组份Cluster纠缠态在连续变量单向量子计算领域有着重要的作用。当一个系统包含两个以上的子系统时，各个子系统之间的关联方式就变得多种多样。特别地，由于量子导引具有方向性并满足单配性关系，比纠缠特性具有更丰富的研究内容。相关研究表明，连续变量多组份量子资源的关联方式与量子导引特性的存在方式与多组份的图结构有很大的关系,具有不同图态结构的多组份Cluster纠缠态光场中将会存在更丰富的量子导引特性。对于更丰富的量子导引特性研究可以为量子秘密共享等量子通信网络的应用提供更多样的量子资源。

本文利用以KTP等非线性光学晶体为主要元件的光学非简并光学参量放大器（NOPA）制备量子压缩态光场，在此基础上利用不同数量的压缩态光场理论制备五组份星形、环形和六组份环形Cluster纠缠态光场。进一步重构所制备的量子光场的协方差矩，从而研究不同图态类型的五组份和六组份Cluster纠缠态光场的量子导引特性，加深对Cluster纠缠态的认识，为多组份纠缠态应用于量子信息任务的方案奠定一定的基础。

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