用于酸性析氧的氧化物负载型催化剂的成分-构效关系研究

质子交换膜（PEM）电解水具有结构紧凑、工作电流密度高、产氢纯度高、电解效率高及适应可再 生能源波动性等优点，被认为是最有前景的电解水制氢技术。但 PEM 电解槽阳极上进行的析氧反应（OER）受反应动力学迟缓和催化剂酸性稳定性制约，需要贵金属催化剂作为电极材料。因此，开发具有高活性、高稳定性和低成本的 OER 电催化剂，可以有效促进PEM 电解水的产业化。负载型催化剂通过载体-金属相互作用，降低贵金属的用量并提高催化剂性能和稳定性。本文旨在通过对三元金属氧化物载体的制备，研究氧化物载体对酸性析氧催化剂性能的影响。本文的主要研究内容和结果如下：

设计制备了 Sn-Sb-Nb 三元氧化物气凝胶载体，通过高通量样品制备和表征，系统研究了 Sb、Nb 含量对氧化物 的电导率、稳定性、表面形貌、热稳定性的影响。发现 Nb 的加入，降低了三元氧化物中的载流子浓度，降低了氧化物的电导率。但Nb提高了三元氧化物的热稳定性，在高温下保留了更多的颗粒表面的微观形貌和比表面面积。在电导率和比表面积的综合影响下，5 at% Nb含量的组分拥有更好的 IrO₂ 纳米颗粒的负载能力。此外，通过在酸性电解质中进行阳极氧化，5 at% Nb组分拥有更高的酸性稳定性。

在氧化物系统研究的基础上，进行了 IrO₂ 纳米颗粒的负载。通过熔盐法制备了 50 wt%贵金属氧化物的负载型催化剂，在酸性电解质中进行了催化性能和稳定性的测试，同时表征了电化学活性表面积和催化层电阻。得到了本征催化活性、稳定性主要受氧化物中 Nb 含量调控及氧化物载体的比表面积对负载型催化性能有重要影响的结论。
 

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