构筑高湿度环境下结构稳定的高效低阻可降解空气过滤膜

近年来，由于全球工业化快速推进，空气颗粒污染物（PMs）浓度急剧增加，全球因空气污染而死亡的人数逐年增加，仅2016年就有700万人死于空气污染。因此，开发出高过滤效率的空气过滤膜以降低空气污染带给人们的伤害在当下具有十分重要的意义。当前对纳米纤维的研究主要集中在提高空气过滤效率与降低阻力压降上，然而，纳米纤维空气过滤膜在不同环境中结构稳定性不同，因此失效时间不同，在高湿度环境中存在大量的水气溶胶，纳米纤维接触水气溶胶后将产生聚并，对过滤性能产生影响，因此研究水气溶胶对纳米纤维结构的影响十分重要；其次，目前对纳米纤维空气过滤膜的研究中使用的材料多为聚丙烯腈（PAN）、聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）、聚氨酯（PU）、聚酰胺（PA）等工业纤维，这些工业纤维大多不可降解，废弃后将对生态环境造成巨大伤害。因此，本论文探索了纳米纤维的不同排列方式在接触水气溶胶后产生粘结的程度以及材料亲水性、纳米纤维直径、纤维交叉角度对粘结程度的影响，为确定高湿度环境中纳米纤维空气过滤膜的有效使用时间提供了指导依据。而后本论文选取了在水气溶胶中粘结程度较低的生物可降解材料，通过设计特殊的微-纳米纤维分级结构得到了结构稳定的高效低阻空气过滤材料，为废弃的过滤材料造成的环境污染问题提供了新的解决方案。

In recent years, the concentration of airborne particulate matter (PMs) is increasing because of the rapid progress of global industrialization. In 2016 alone, 7 million people died from air pollution. Therefore, developing high-performance air filters to alleviate air pollution is of great significance. However, current research on nanofiber filters mainly focused on improving the filtration efficiency and reducing the pressure drop of air filters. It is important to study the service life of air filters in a high-humidity environment because the water aerosol will damage the structural stability of nanofiber membranes. Therefore, it is important to study the effect of water aerosol on nanofiber structure. On the other hand, most of the materials used in the current research are nonbiodegradable materials, such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyurethane (PU), polyamide (PA), etc. These nonbiodegradable nanofiber-based air filters will cause great harm to the environment. Given the above reasons, the coalescent degree of nanofibers after contact with water aerosol was explored. Specifically, the influence of material hydrophilicity, the diameter of nanofibers and nanofiber crossing angle on the degree of nanofiber coalescence were studied. In addition, a biodegradable material poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) was selected to fabricate high air filtration performance air filter with low bonding degree in water aerosols. Eventually, by design synthesis of micro-nanofiber hierarchical structure, high efficiency and low resistance air filters with stable structure (in water aerosol) were obtained.

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