硼掺杂金刚石的高温高压合成及其表征

硼掺杂金刚石早在上个世纪 90 年代就由于其 p 型半导体的特性持续受到关 注，直到 2004 年被发现具有超导性后得到了更多的研究。由于具有一系列优异的 特性，硼掺杂金刚石在电化学方面应用被广泛发掘，于是合成品质优良的硼掺杂 金刚石便是材料科学研究的方向之一。由于硼掺杂金刚石的性质受到许多因素的 影响，电化学等领域的应用对硼掺杂金刚石的质量提出了一系列的要求，包括形 状大小，表面特性，硼掺杂的均匀度，硼的含量，sp2 /sp3 比率等。在金刚石的两 种主要合成方法中，CVD 法虽然可以合成硼含量的较高的金刚石薄膜，但是合成 的体积受到了限制，合成成本也难以降低。高温高压法中，在极高的压强和温度 下，石墨与硼混合可以直接得到硼含量较高的金刚石，但是较高的温压条件也提 高了合成的成本。催化物可以显著降低高温高压法合成金刚石所需的条件，因此 目前大多数研究使用传统金属催化物合成得到硼掺杂金刚石。然而，在碳-硼-金属 催化物系统下得到的金刚石硼含量往往较低，难以满足电化学应用的要求，有研 究将其归因为传统金属催化物的影响。近些年来，锗作为新的金刚石溶剂催化物 被报导，它具有半金属的性质和类金刚石的结构。目前，几乎没有使用非传统金属 催化物和非金属催化物合成硼掺杂金刚石的相关研究。本研究采用锗作为催化物， 在 7GPa 和 1750-1800 °C 的条件下研究 C-B-Ge 系统中硼掺杂金刚石的合成及其性 质。通过调整合成方法，包括合成条件、包覆物、晶种等，成功合成了硼含量较高 的金刚石颗粒（平均晶粒尺寸为 10-20 μm）和金刚石薄层（平均厚度约 10 μm）， 证明锗是适合硼掺杂金刚石合成的催化物。

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