阳离子表面活性剂在锂硫电池阻燃电解液应用研究

锂硫电池由于高的理论比容量和能量密度受到了人们的广泛关注。但锂负极枝晶问题、硫正极表面钝化问题、电解液易燃问题，以及伴随而来的电池循环寿命、安全性问题，严重制约了锂硫电池的应用。本文针对上述问题，研究了新的阻燃型锂硫电池电解液，并使用四甲基四氟硼酸铵（CNBF）作为电解液添加剂改善电解液性能。研究表明，CNBF在不影响电解液阻燃性能的前提下，提高电解液离子电导率、抑制锂硫电池锂负极枝晶的生长、缓解了硫正极表面钝化，提高了电池循环性能。本文研究内容主要包括： （1）通过合理设计电解液的组分，得到了适配锂负极与硫化聚苯烯腈（SPAN）正极的阻燃型酯类电解液。在该酯类电解液基础上，加入CNBF以提升电解液离子电导率，抑制锂负极枝晶生长。研究表明，加入CNBF后，电解液的离子电导率由原来的10.55提升至12.06 mS/cm，电池循环寿命由原来的20次提升至67次。进一步研究表明CNBF有效抑制锂负极表面锂枝晶的形成，缓解硫正极表面钝化。 （2）为了进一步抑制锂负极枝晶生长，提升电池的循环使用寿命，研究了新型双锂盐-醚酯共混阻燃电解液，并在该电解液中加入CNBF，以提升电池电化学性能。研究表明，与酯类阻燃电解液相比，双锂盐-醚酯共混阻燃电解能够更有效的抑制锂枝晶的生长，提升电池的循环性能。该电解液中加入CNBF，能够进一步抑制锂负极枝晶的生长。使用该电解液的SPAN||Li电池循环寿命提升至105次。

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