基于蜂窝网络的被动雷达目标检测

随着移动通信系统从万物互联到万物智联的发展，感知环境的需求不断增加， 利用无线通信信号进行感知的研究日益引发重视。被动雷达是一种利用接收外部 信号源来感知目标的技术。由于蜂窝网络的广泛部署，被动雷达可以充分利用环 境中存在的无线通信信号，在不影响通信的情况下，实现目标感知，是一种重要的 通信感知一体化技术。在现有的文献中，被动雷达主要利用 Sub-6G 频段的无线通 信发射机作为照明信号来实现对运动飞机、车辆的发现，以及对人体动作的简单 识别。本文的创新点在于：搭建多通道采集系统，利用 Sub-6GHz 蜂窝信号对较小 目标（人体、无人机等）的被动轨迹追踪，并实现了基于毫米波蜂窝信号进行人体 轨迹和书写轨迹的被动追踪。 本文首先介绍了一个 Sub-6GHz 频段的多通道多天线信号采集系统。该系统包 含一个四通道的参考阵列天线、一个八通道的监测天线和采集平台，能够实现多 通道无线信号的同步采集与高速率存储。依托该系统，本文进一步阐述了在体育 场等空旷环境中对人体运动和无人机飞行进行定位和轨迹追踪的相关研究，并展 示了实验结果。具体而言，我们利用数字波束成形提纯参考信号。再利用杂波消除 （clutter cancellation ，CC）算法抑制监视信号中直达径和杂波的干扰。接着利用交 叉模糊函数得到每个阵列的时间多普勒图获取距离信息。最后遍历各个数字波束 所得的多普勒图，得到角度信息，联合距离信息估计目标的位置实现定位和追踪。 为了进一步研究毫米波频段的人体运动轨迹追踪，本文阐述了一个基于毫米 波模拟多天线（Analog MIMO）射频前端的通信与被动感知一体化系统。该系统使 用 60GHz 相控阵天线作为发射天线和接收天线。依托该系统，本文阐述了在室内 环境中对运动人体进行追踪的单链路和多链路相关研究成果。其中，发射端模拟 产生 5G 信号，接收端参考信号和接收信号通过交叉模糊函数得到时间多普勒谱。 单链路实验表明该系统能够检测到人体轻微晃动脚、手、头和呼吸，并且能够精 确测量人体运动的位移信息，测量误差在分米级。多链路实验表明该系统具有对 书写轨迹追踪的能力。

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