基于微纳米复合表界面快速检测核酸的生化传感芯片研究

基于局域表面等离子体共振的生化传感器是即时诊断的热门研究方向， 在临床诊断、环境检测等领域发挥着重要作用，具有无标记、多路复用和 微型化等优点，但是折射率灵敏度低的问题大大限制了其在高精度检测中 的应用。

本文基于纳米压印技术，制备了一种具有微纳米复合表界面的局域表 面等离子体共振生化传感器，通过马兰戈尼效应预浓缩样本液滴、阵列化 纳米结构以及金纳米颗粒修饰等手段，解决了常规传感器存在的折射率灵 敏度低的问题。以通孔膜为压印模板，低成本、高通量、高保真地一步完 成微纳米复合表界面的制备。在微米尺度上，构建疏水表界面以促进马兰 戈尼效应，实现样本分子自浓缩富集，为提升检测灵敏度奠定基础；在纳 米尺度，沉积双层金薄膜间的强耦合作用，可实现局域表面等离子体共振 检测功能。与平板纳米阵列结构相比，通过蒸发浓缩，液滴浓度提升了 2.7 倍，增加的红移量为 7.98 nm。通过金纳米颗粒修饰与功能化处理以用于核 酸的快速检测，金纳米颗粒与金属纳米等离子体激元结构的强耦合效应， 显著提高传感器性能。该平台实现了一步快速检测核酸，检测限为 261 pM， 在相似疾病中表现出较高的特异性，显示出良好的临床应用前景。

本文以马兰戈尼效应预浓缩样本提升局域表面等离子体共振传感器的 折射率灵敏度，为液滴样本浓缩提供了新思路；简单、快速地制备微纳米 复合表界面的生化传感器，具有高灵敏和高选择性检测，使得核酸检测更 容易、快速，降低了核酸检测平台的成本并提升了该传感器的市场竞争力。

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