钒基氧化物薄膜的制备及其电致变色性能研究

电致变色是指在外部电场刺激下，材料光学性质(透射率、反射率或吸 收系数)发生可逆变化的现象。因此，无机电致变色材料在智能窗、智能显 示、滤波片、光学隐身等领域有巨大的应用潜力。常见的过渡金属氧化物如 WO₃，TiO₂，NiO 等在电致变色过程中颜色变换单一，且都难以实现对可见 光和近红外光两个波段的独立调控。因此开发多色态变化和双波段调控特性 的无机材料对电致变色器件的发展具有深远影响。 本课题采用磁控溅射在 ITO 玻璃上制备了不同氧含量的钒氧化物薄膜。 研究工作主要包含两个方面：首先通过控制氧分压制备得到具有不同色态的 钒氧化物薄膜（VO_x），系统地研究氧含量对薄膜电致变色性能的影响，我们 对比了薄膜在大气环境和气氛保护环境中测试时 VOx 薄膜表现出的不同电 致变色性能，并给予了解释。 其次，我们围绕晶体 V₂O₅ 相变过程中的电致变色性能进行了全面研究。 晶体 V₂O₅ 作为一种具有多次相变的锂电池正极材料的同时也是一种常见的 电致变色材料，之前的研究已经发现了晶体 V₂O₅ 薄膜在 Li+注入和抽出的过 程中薄膜发生黄，绿，蓝三种颜色可逆变化的现象。但我们对 V₂O₅ 薄膜每 一次相变与光学性质（颜色，透过率等）改变之间的联系尚不清楚。在本文 中，我们对晶体 V₂O₅ 在 Li⁺注入引发相变的过程中发生的多色态变化和可见 光和近红外光谱的双波段吸收特性进行了全面研究。研究发现，晶体 V₂O₅ 在电致变色过程中同时具有多色态转变和可见-近红外光谱双波段调控的特 点。晶体 V₂O₅ 光学性质变化是一个连续过程，并非全部由瞬时相变决定。 我们使用相变和小极化子跃迁理论共同解释了这种光谱变化特性。该工作对 基于晶体 V₂O₅ 多色态变化和双波段调控的电致变色器件具有指导意义。

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