聚乳酸/改性硅藻壳力学及降解性能的研究

聚乳酸作为有望取代传统石油基材料的一种全生物可降解材料，具有成本低廉、原料可再生、绿色无污染且有优良的生物相容性等优点，同时缺点也较为明显，如降解速率不稳定、产品脆以及结晶性低等。而硅藻壳作为目前唯一可以天然生产的多孔生物硅微纳米材料，二氧化硅含量在98%以上，无毒害且绿色环保无污染。以硅藻壳作为异相成核剂可以有效提高聚乳酸结晶性，达到提高力学性能的目的，且硅藻壳本身的多孔结构更利于聚乳酸发生本体降解，提高降解速度。但由于硅藻壳本身极易团聚且不易均匀分散在聚乳酸中，复合材料的力学及降解性能没有达到预期效果。所以在本实验中，通过硅烷偶联剂接枝改性硅藻壳的方式来减轻团聚现象并使后续制备聚乳酸/改性硅藻壳复合材料时，使得硅藻壳在聚乳酸中均匀分散，来达到提高力学性能及降解性能的目的。

本实验采用硅烷偶联剂是γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（KH-570），将KH-570在甲苯/水混合液中水解再与硅藻壳接枝，之后通过密炼热压法将改性后的硅藻壳与聚乳酸共混改性制备成薄膜。研究表明，使用甲苯/水混合液， KH-570在质量分数50%时改性硅藻壳效果最佳，平均粒径降低了38.2%，接枝率达24.5%；通过形貌表征、力学性能及降解性能测试等研究方法，得出在改性硅藻壳添加量为3%时，对比纯的聚乳酸，弹性模量增加6.3%，拉伸强度提高21.0%，并且降解速率提高55.4%，力学性能及降解性能同时得到改善。

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