The unfinished agenda of communicable diseases among children and adolescents before the COVID-19 pandemic, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Azzopardi, Peter S.1,2,5,6; Kerr, Jessica A.1,2,7; Francis, Kate L.1,2; Sawyer, Susan M.1,2; Kennedy, Elissa Clare5,8; Steer, Andrew C.2,4; Graham, Stephen Michael2,5; Viner, Russell M.11; Ward, Joseph L.11; Hennegan, Julie3,5; Pham, Minh5,8; Habito, Christine Marie D.5; Kurji, Jaameeta15,16; Cini, Karly, I1,2,5; Beeson, James G.5,9,10; Brown, Alex17,18; Murray, Christopher J. 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2023-07-22

10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00860-7

LANCET   影响因子和分区

0140-6736

1474-547X

["Background Communicable disease control has long been a focus of global health policy. There have been substantial reductions in the burden and mortality of communicable diseases among children younger than 5 years, but we know less about this burden in older children and adolescents, and it is unclear whether current programmes and policies remain aligned with targets for intervention. This knowledge is especially important for policy and programmes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to use the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 to systematically characterise the burden of communicable diseases across childhood and adolescence. Methods In this systematic analysis of the GBD study from 1990 to 2019, all communicable diseases and their manifestations as modelled within GBD 2019 were included, categorised as 16 subgroups of common diseases or presentations. Data were reported for absolute count, prevalence, and incidence across measures of cause-specific mortality (deaths and years of life lost), disability (years lived with disability [YLDs]), and disease burden (disability-adjusted life-years [DALYs]) for children and adolescents aged 0-24 years. Data were reported across the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and across time (1990-2019), and for 204 countries and territories. For HIV, we reported the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) as a measure of health system performance. Findings In 2019, there were 3 & BULL;0 million deaths and 30 & BULL;0 million years of healthy life lost to disability (as measured by YLDs), corresponding to 288 & BULL;4 million DALYs from communicable diseases among children and adolescents globally (57 & BULL;3% of total communicable disease burden across all ages). Over time, there has been a shift in communicable disease burden from young children to older children and adolescents (largely driven by the considerable reductions in children younger than 5 years and slower progress elsewhere), although children younger than 5 years still accounted for most of the communicable disease burden in 2019. Disease burden and mortality were predominantly in low-SDI settings, with high and high-middle SDI settings also having an appreciable burden of communicable disease morbidity (4 & BULL;0 million YLDs in 2019 alone). Three cause groups (enteric infections, lower-respiratory-tract infections, and malaria) accounted for 59 & BULL;8% of the global communicable disease burden in children and adolescents, with tuberculosis and HIV both emerging as important causes during adolescence. HIV was the only cause for which disease burden increased over time, particularly in children and adolescents older than 5 years, and especially in females. Excess MIRs for HIV were observed for males aged 15-19 years in low-SDI settings. Interpretation Our analysis supports continued policy focus on enteric infections and lower-respiratory-tract infections, with orientation to children younger than 5 years in settings of low socioeconomic development. However, efforts should also be targeted to other conditions, particularly HIV, given its increased burden in older children and adolescents. Older children and adolescents also experience a large burden of communicable disease, further highlighting the need for efforts to extend beyond the first 5 years of life. Our analysis also identified substantial morbidity caused by communicable diseases affecting child and adolescent health across the world.","Funding The Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence for Driving Investment in Global Adolescent Health and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Copyright & COPY; 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license."]

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General & Internal Medicine

Medicine, General & Internal

WOS:001049598700001

ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

CLINICAL MEDICINE

Web of Science

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226.Anglia Ruskin Univ, Vis & Eye Res Inst, Cambridge, England
227.Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA
228.Univ Leeds, Sch Dent, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England
229.IRCCS Humanitas Res Hosp, Dept Neurol, Milan, Italy
230.Univ New South Wales, Ctr Primary Hlth Care & Equ, Kensington, NSW, Australia
231.Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Bergamo, Italy
232.Nazarbayev Univ, Sch Med, Astana, Kazakhstan
233.Univ Med Ctr UMC, Clin Acad Dept Pediat, Astana, Kazakhstan
234.Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
235.Univ Groningen, Interdisciplinary Ctr Psychopathol & Emot Regulat, Groningen, Netherlands
236.Padjadjaran State Univ, Ctr Excellence Higher Educ Pharmaceut Care Innova, Bandung, Indonesia
237.Cihan Univ Sulaimaniya, Dept Anesthesia, Sulaimaniya, Iraq
238.Torbat Jam Fac Med Sci, Dept Publ Hlth, Torbat Jam, Iran
239.Publ Hlth England, Acad Publ Hlth England, London, England
240.Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Rafsanjan, Iran
241.Masaryk Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Brno, Czech Republic
242.Masaryk Univ, Czech Natl Ctr Evidence Based Healthcare & Knowle, Brno, Czech Republic
243.Maimonides Biomed Res Inst Cordoba IMIBIC, Clin & Epidemiol Res Primary Care GICEAP, Cordoba, Spain
244.Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
245.Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Dept Pediat Neurol, Ahvaz, Iran
246.Gdansk Univ Technol, Dept Polymer Technol, Gdansk, Poland
247.Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Neurol, Odense, Denmark
248.Govt Doon Med Coll, Dept Med & Surg, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand, India
249.Kermanshah Univ Med Sci, Res Ctr Environm Determinants Hlth, Kermanshah, Iran
250.Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland
251.Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Dept Gen Surg, Bucharest, Romania
252.Sfantul Pantelimon Emergency Clin Hosp Bucharest, Dept Surg, Bucharest, Romania
253.Univ Valencia, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain
254.Biomed Res Networking Ctr Mental Hlth Network Cib, Carlos III Hlth Inst, Madrid, Spain
255.Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Yazd, Iran
256.Modestum LTD, Eastbourne, England
257.Univ Airlngga, Dept Occupat Hlth & Safety, Surabaya, Indonesia
258.Univ Leuven, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Cardiovasc Sci, Leuven, Belgium
259.UKK Inst, Tampere, Finland
260.Tampere Univ, Fac Med & Hlth Technol, Tampere, Finland
261.Haramaya Univ, Dept Mental Hlth & Psychiat, Harar, Ethiopia
262.Kings Coll London, Sch Populat Hlth & Environm Sci, London, England
263.Fourth Mil Med Univ, Tangdu Hosp, Dept Orthopaed, Xian, Peoples R China
264.Natl Inst Res Environm Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth & Epidemiol, Bhopal, India
265.Univ Ottawa, Sch Int Dev & Global Studies, Ottawa, ON, Canada
266.Sina Med Biochem Technol, Dept Res & Dev, Shiraz, Iran
267.Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Publ Hlth & Emergency Management, Shenzhen, Peoples R China
268.Yasuj Univ Med Sci, Dept Nursing, Yasuj, Iran
269.Univ Coll London Hosp, Natl Inst Hlth & Care Res, Biomed Res Ctr, London, England

Azzopardi, Peter S.,Kerr, Jessica A.,Francis, Kate L.,et al. The unfinished agenda of communicable diseases among children and adolescents before the COVID-19 pandemic, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019[J]. LANCET,2023,402(10398).

Azzopardi, Peter S..,Kerr, Jessica A..,Francis, Kate L..,Sawyer, Susan M..,Kennedy, Elissa Clare.,...&Patton, George C..(2023).The unfinished agenda of communicable diseases among children and adolescents before the COVID-19 pandemic, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.LANCET,402(10398).

Azzopardi, Peter S.,et al."The unfinished agenda of communicable diseases among children and adolescents before the COVID-19 pandemic, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019".LANCET 402.10398(2023).