高熵合金电催化剂的制备及其在锌-空气 电池的应用

      锌-空气电池因具有能量密度高、能量转换效率高和绿色环保可靠等显著特点而备受关注，但其空气正极的氧还原反应（Oxygen Reduction Reaction, ORR）和氧析出反应（Oxygen Evolution Reaction, OER）均涉及四电子转移，故动力学较为缓慢，严重影响锌-空气电池的能量转换效率以及循环寿命。研发高性能 ORR/OER 双功能电催化剂是解决上述难题的关键。高熵合金（High-Entropy Alloy，HEA）电催化剂具有显著的“鸡尾酒”效应，其独特的成分组合特点，使多种催化功能耦合成为可能。此外，对纳米 HEA 颗粒的尺寸以及分布进行精准调控，可进一步改善催化剂的催化反应动力学。本论文主要通过对 HEA 成分、颗粒的尺寸和分布进行精准控制，以此实现高效 ORR/OER 双功能电催化剂的可控制备。本论文具体研究内容如下：
       通过对 HEA 的成分以及结构进行精准设计和调控，成功制备了对 ORR和 OER 均表现出优异催化活性和稳定性的 PtFeCoNiMn/NC 催化剂。将PtFeCoNiMn/NC 作为锌-空气电池的正极催化剂，该电池在 5 mA cm^-2 的电流密度下显示出优异的循环稳定性。
       利用三维有序大孔碳（Three-Dimensional Ordered Macroporous Carbon, 3DOMC）独特的骨架孔道结构对负载的 PtPdFeCoNi 纳米颗粒的尺寸以及分布进行精准调控，构建的 PtPdFeCoNi/3DOMC 对 ORR 和 OER 显示出优异的催化活性和稳定性，将其作为锌-空气电池的正极催化剂，该电池具有高的放电功率密度，在 10 mA cm^-2 的电流密度下具有优异的充-放电循环寿命。

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